viii CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Monosaccharides 69 



Pentoses ...... 69 



General properties 70 



Properties of individual pentoses ...... 71 



Hexoses . . . . ' 73 



Glucose or dextrose 73 



Preparation 73 



Properties 74 



Reactions 75 



Microchemical tests 76 



Levulose or Fructose . 77 



Properties 78 



Reactions 78 



Sorbose 78 



Galactose 78 



Preparation 79 



Properties 79 



Detection 79 



Mannose 80 



Detection . . ." 80 



Disaccharides . . .... . . . . . . . 81 



Cane sugar, sucrose or saccharose 81 



Properties and reactions - . .83 



Turanose 84 



. Maltose 85 



Properties and reactions 85 



Isomaltose 86 



Cellobiose 86 



Gentiobiose 87 



Trehalose 87 



Lactose or milk sugar 87 



Melibiose 87 



Disaccharides produced by the union of a hexose with a pentose * . 88 



Primeverose 88 



Vicianose 88 



Strophanthobiose . . . ' 88 



Trisaccharides . . '*". . . 88 



Raffinose . . . 88 



Detection . . .90 



Melecitose . ..".'. . . . . .91 



Stachyose ," . . 91 



Gentianose 91 



Sugars of unknown molecular weight or sugar-like polysacchandes . 91 



Estimation of sugars 92 



Volumetric methods 92 



Estimation by means of Fehling's solution .... 92 



Estimation of pentoses 93 



Estimation of glucose 93 



Estimation of galactose and mannose .... 95 



Estimation of cane sugar 95 



Estimation of maltose 96 



Estimation of mixtures of sugars ... . . .96 



Estimation by means of Pavy's solution .... 98 



Estimation by Benedict's solution 99 



