266 NITROGEN BASES 



which substance, as may be seen, contains both a six-mem- 

 bered piperidine ring and a five-membered pyrrolidine ring. 



The group includes alkaloids from the four Natural 

 Orders : 



Solanaceae, e.g. Atropine, Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine. 

 Erythroxylaceae, e.g. Coca alkaloids, such as Cocaine and 



Tropacocaine. 

 Myrtaceae : Pelletierine, Isopelletierine, etc., from Punica 



granatum (pomegranate). 

 Papilionaceae: Cytisine from Cytisus Laburnum ; Lupinine 



from Lupinus luteus and Lupinus niger. 

 Most of the above alkaloids have a very complex consti- 

 tution, and the formula of only one will be given, namely, 

 cocaine : 



H OCOC 6 H 6 



\ / 

 c 



/ \ 



CH 2 CHCOOCHg 



CH CH 2 



|\ /\ ' 

 NCHJ 



CH 2 CH 2 

 Cocaine 



IV. Quinoline Alkaloids. These fall into two groups : 



(a) Cinchona alkaloids, such as Quinine, Cinchonine, etc., 



from the bark of various species of Cinchona (Rubia- 

 ceae). 



(b) Strychnos alkaloids, such as Strychnine and Brucine 



from Strychnos nux vomica, S. Ignatii, etc., and Cu- 

 rarine from Strychnos toxifera (Loganiaceae). 

 The constitution of quinine is represented by the following 

 formula * : 



*This formula, though probably correct, has not yet been confirmed by 

 synthesis. 



