DISEASES OF THE LIDS 35 



diseases as other surfaces of the skin, and often, when 

 skin diseases occur about the head and face, the eyehds 

 become involved. 



Edema is often a symptom of some remote disease, 

 such as the heart or kidneys. It may also be caused by 

 local infection, infiltration, and suppuration-the result 

 of a blow, fracture of the bony orbit, or rupture of the 

 -orbital vessels, erysipelas, and other skin affections. 

 Trichinosis is also a cause. It is doughy to the touch 

 and may pit on pressure. 



Emphysema is due to the escape of air into the cellu- 

 lar tissue from fracture of the wall of one of the ad- 

 jacent sinuses, and may accompany emphysema of the 

 neighboring structures. In this condition a crackhng 

 sensation is noticeable to the touch. It will subside 

 as soon as the cause has been removed. 



Ecchymosis, or ''black eye," is due to rupture of 

 the subcutaneous vessels and the effusion of blood be- 

 neath the skin. It is usually due to direct violence or 

 to rupture of remote vessels. Ice-cold applications, 

 evaporating lotions, or the lead-and-opium wash may be 

 used with benefit. 



Burns are caused by too hot appHcations, powder 

 explosions, fires, caustics, etc. They are divided by 

 degree, the same as burns on other portions of the body. 

 The treatment depends upon the degree. Those of 

 mild degree may be treated with dusting-powders of 

 boric acid, etc., while the deeper burns should be treated 



