36 OPHTHALMOLOGY FOR VETERINARIANS 



with soothing and antiseptic oils. Powder grains may 

 be removed by the appHcation of hydrogen peroxid 

 3 parts to glycerin i part. Ordinarily burns may 

 be treated upon general principles. In severe cases 

 ectropion may follow by reason of large cicatrices, and 

 repair will have to be accomplished by plastic opera- 

 tions. 



Wounds may be of the incised, lacerated, or contused 

 type, and should be treated by general surgical measures. 

 The surgery of the eyehd, however, is very difhcult, 

 when we consider the necessity of adapting well each 

 of its important structures. 



Ectropion, or eversion of the Hd, is caused by burns, 

 injuries, etc., which cause a cicatrix of the skin surface. 

 When a severe ectropion exists the eye is very unsightly. 

 The conjunctiva is constantly exposed and reddened. 

 It becomes greatly irritated and inflamed by exposure 

 and want of protection. Ectropion may also be the 

 result of paralysis. The lower Kd is more often involved, 

 in which case the punctum is turned outward, and the 

 tears, instead of flowing in their natural channel, flow 

 over the cheek (epiphora) and cause much irritation. 

 The treatment is principally surgical. 



Entropion, or inversion of the lid, is caused by de- 

 structive diseases of the conjunctiva and tarsus. It is 

 usually accompanied with trichiasis. Intense irritation 

 of the cornea is the result of this condition, and often 

 keratitis with opacities follow. The treatment is surgical. 



