72 OPHTHALMOLOGY FOR VETERINARIANS 



a bowed position. The phlyctenules have a grayish or 

 yellowish appearance, and are often suppHed with numer- 

 ous blood-vessels branching toward them. As the dis- 

 ease occurs principally in scrofulous subjects, we often 

 have malnutrition, enlarged lymphatics, eczematous 

 crusts about the nose and ears, and blepharitis margin- 

 alis with crust formation. In very mild cases most of 

 these are absent, and only a mild irritation of the eye 

 is noticeable. 



As many of the mild cases seem to be caused by errors 

 of diet, a regulation of this alone will often effect a cure. 

 In all cases of malnutrition suitable tonics should be 

 given to tone up the system. Skin affections should be 

 appropriately treated. Mild antiseptic colleria may be 

 used, and when ulceration has taken place the yellow 

 oxid of mercury ointment is of great benefit applied 

 three times a day. 



Trachoma. — This disease is principally confined to 

 man, though monkeys are subject to it. It was known 

 in the far eastern countries centuries before the time of 

 Christ. It is the disease which at the present time 

 checks foreign immigration, and close inspection is 

 made of the eyes of all immigrants before landing on 

 our shores. Some, no doubt, escape detection, for it 

 prevails principally among the foreign population, nota- 

 bly Hungarians, Italians, and the lower class of Jews. 

 It is often seen in persons of a higher class. It is one 

 of the diseases that causes a large percentage of blindness. 



