128 OPHTHALMOLOGY FOR VETERINARIANS 



cloudy appearance, which may sooner or later clear 

 away, leaving retinal change. It usually causes a 

 reduction of sight. 



Hyperemia accompanies inflammatory diseases of the 

 retina and optic nerve, and, in man, a simple hyperemia 

 is often due to eye-strain and excessive Hght. 



Hemorrhages usually follow injuries, diseases of the 

 blood-vessels, retina and chorioid, and sometimes take 

 place when inflammation is not present. They occur 

 along the course of a vessel and are irregular in outline. 

 When they occur in the macular region the animal is 

 bhnd in the central field. Sometimes large hemorrhages 

 between the hyaloid membrane and the retina occur, 

 which precipitate and form a peculiar shape (subhya- 

 loid hemorrhage). When the blood is absorbed, which 

 usually takes a long time, pigmented spots or atrophic 

 white spots remain over the site. 



Detachment is often due to injuries and diseases, 

 which cause a fluid vitreous and loss of support of the 

 retinal tissue, or to an accumulation of fluid between the 

 retina and chorioid when the former is pushed forward. 

 The detachment may be confined to a localized area, 

 as it is at first, and may then become total. The visual 

 fields are largely disturbed in partial detachment, and 

 in total detachment complete bhndness will follow. 



Retinitis, or inflammation of the retina, is varied in 

 appearance and cause. It is characterized by hyperemia 

 and edema, indistinct outlines of the papilla, tortuous 



