54 PERILS. — 13!:\11GUATI()X. 



of rates, even a few dollars, makes America possible to 

 added thousands. 



The threefold influences, therefore, which i-egulate 

 immigration all co-operate to increase it and indicate 

 that for years to come this great "gulf -stream of hu- 

 manity " with here and there an eddy, will flow on witli 

 a rising flood. 



Furthermore, labor-saving machinery has entered 

 upon a campaign of world-wide conquest. This fact Avill 

 render still more operative each of the three classes of 

 influences enumerated above.* Wherever man labors 

 labor-saving machinery is destined ultimately to go ; and 

 the people of the United States are to make most of it 

 for the world. We have mountains of iron and inex- 

 haustible measures of coal, together with a genius for 

 invention. In fiftj^-three years, 1837-1889, our Patent 

 Office has issued 449,928 patents. Already are we send- 

 ing our machines over the civilized world. And what 

 does this mean? Sending a machine to Europe that does 

 the work of a hundred men, temporarily throws a hun- 

 dred men out of employment. That machine is useful 

 because it renders useless the skill or strength of a hun- 

 dred men. They cannot easily, in a crowded population, 

 adjust themselves to this new condition of things. The 

 making of this machinery in the United States increases 

 the demand for labor here, and its exportation decreases 

 the demand for labor in the Old World. That means 

 immigration to this country. We are to send our labor- 

 saving machinery around the globe, and in a sense, 

 equivalents in bone and muscle are to be sent back to 

 us. 



In view of the fact that Europe is able to send us six 

 times as many immigrants during the next thirty years 

 as during the thirty years past, without any diminution 

 of her population, and in view of all the powerful influ- 

 ences co-operating to stimulate the movement, is it not 

 reasonable to expect a rising tide of immigration unless 

 Congress takes efi'ective measures to check it? 



The Tenth Census gave our total foreign-born popula- 



