PKltlLS. — K0MAN18M. 63 



I. Tlie Declaration of Independence teaches Popular 

 Sovereignty. It says that ' ' governments derive their just 

 powers from the consent of the governed.''' Koinan Cath- 

 olic doctrine invests the Pope with supreme sovereignty. 

 In " Essays on Religion and Literature," edited by Arch- 

 bishop Manning, 1867, we read, p. 416; " Moreover, the 

 right of deposing kings is inherent in the supreme sover- 

 eignty which the Popes, as vicegerents of Christ, exer- 

 cise over all Christian nations. " 



In Art. VI., Sec. 2 of the Constitution Ave find: " This 

 Constitidion and the laws of the United States which 

 shall he made in pursuance thereof .... shall he the 

 supreme law of the land.'' The Canon Law of the 

 Church of Rome is essentially the constitution of that 

 church, binding upon Roman Catholics everywhere. 

 The bull, '' Pastoralis Regiminis,'^ published by Benedict 

 XIV. , is a part of the Canon Law and decrees that those 

 who refuse to obey any " commands of the Court of 

 Rome, if they be ecclesiastics, are ipso facto suspended 

 from their orders and offices ; and, if they be laymen, 

 are smitten with excommunication." 



The bull Unam Sanctam of Boniface VIII., which is 

 also a part of the Canon Law, and acknowledged by 

 Cardinal Manning as an "Article of Faith," says: "It 

 is necessary that one sword should be under another, 

 and that the temporal authorit}^ should be subject to the 

 spiritual power. And thus the prophecy of Jeremiah is 

 fulfilled in the church and the ecclesiastical power, 

 ' Behold, I have set thee over the kingdoms, to root out, 

 and to pull down, and to destroj^, and to throw down, to 

 build and to plant ! ' Therefore, if the eai'thly power go 

 astray, it must be judged by the spiritual power ; but if 

 the spiritual power go astray, it must be judged by God 

 alone. Moreover, Ave declare, say, define, and pronounce 

 it to be altogether necessai-y to salvation that every 

 human creature should be subject to tlie Roman Pon- 

 tiff. " ^ Bishop Gilmour, of Cleveland, Ohio, in his Lenten 



1 Coiyns Jurif; Canonici, Leipsic edition. 1839, torn, ii., p. 1159. 



