FUNGI. — HYMENOMYCE TES. 



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fructifications of the Gasteromycetes ; this is especially the case with Amanita.— 

 Agaricus varieeolor (Fig. 88) is to a certain extent an intermediate form between 

 those with a naked pileus and those with the velum universale. The fructification first 

 appears on the mycelium as a slender conical body (a and b) formed of parallel hyphae 

 with apical growth (c) ; at an early period an outer hyphal layer is distinguishable, forming 

 a loose envelope round the whole body; after a while the growth at the apex ceases; 

 the hyphae bend outwards beneath the summit (//, ///) and thus form the pileus (IV), 

 the margin of which grows centrifugally; the lamellae make their appearance on its 

 under surface, and as the margin of the pileus advances further from the stipe, the loose 

 peripheral layer becomes stretched into a velum universale.— The common mushroom, 

 Agaricus campestris, affords an example of the formation of a stalked pileus with a 

 velum partiale. Fig. 89 A gives a small portion of the widely spreading and reticulately 

 anastomosing mycelium (;;/), on which a number of fructifications are being formed ; 



Fig. 87. Gonidia-producing fructification of Boletus 

 flavidus in longitudinal section, slightly magnified ; 

 \t stipe, hii pileus, hy hymenium, h the cavity beneath 

 the hymenium, v the velum partiale, ht the separable 

 superficial layer of the pileus, f the continuation of the 

 hymenial layer on the stipe. 



Fig. 88. Agaricus varieeolor. I mycelium m with young gonidio- 

 phores a and * (nat. size) ; c longitudinal section of one of them 

 magnified. // an older fructification with commencement of the 

 formation of the pileus. /// the same in longitudinal section, /^a 

 pileus in a more advanced state ; v the velum. Tlie lines in the 

 longitudinal sections show the course of the hyphae. 



these are at first pear-shaped solid bodies (/) composed of young uniform hyphae, 

 and each of these bodies is a rudimentary stipe, from the upper part of which 

 the pileus will be developed. At an early period the hyphal tissue gives way in such a 

 manner as to form an annular air-cavity beneath the summit of the stalk (//, /) ; this 

 cavity enlarges with the growth of the whole body, its upper wall forming the under 

 side of the pileus, from which the radial hymenial lamellae grow in a downward 

 direction and fill up the cavity (///, I). The hyphae run from the base of the stipe to 

 the margin of the pileus and form the outer wall of the cavity; the central portion of the 

 stipe (/F, St) elongates, while the distance between it and the margin of the pileus con- 

 tinually increases. By this growth the hyphae beneath the cavity which contains the 

 lamellae become stretched and separate from the stipe from below upwards, and now 

 form a membranous veil {V, v) running beneath the lamellae from the upper part of the 

 stipe to the margin of the pileus, into which the hyphae are continued. When at length 



