ANGIOSPRRMS. 



The important point in the superior gynaeceum is that it is essentially ;i foliar 

 I'ormation, constituted by the carpellary leaves or carpels, which usually also produce the 

 ovules; the ovules as a rule spring from the margins of the carpels, as in F'ig. 302, 

 but sometimes also from the whole inner surface, as in Fig. 299 C. The ovary is 

 monojnerous when it is formed of one carpel only, the upper or inner surface of 

 which is curved concavely inwards and the margins are applied to each other and 



ction of the ilower-bud ; z calyx-tube, c corolla, y filaments of the 

 nens, A' the carpel. B longitudinal section of the carpel with the ovules 5A'and 

 1 of carpels of different ages ; 5A' their marginal ovules, - midrib of the carpel 



cohere, so that the mid-rib runs along its back, while the ovules, when they are 

 marginal, are placed opposite to it in two rows; but the inflexed margins of the 

 carpel may swell up and form thicker placentas, as in Fig. 303, and produce several 

 rows of ovules, while on the other hand the number of ovules is not unfrequently 

 reduced to two, as in Amygdalus. In monocarpous flowers there is only one such 



V\Q. yi\ Gynaeceum of Saxi/raga 

 rdifoUa. A in longitudinal section ; 

 the style, n n the stigmas. B trans- 

 Tse sections at different heights ; p the 



• Tr r/ I 

 FIG. 304. Gynaeceum oi Pyrola umbellata. A in longitudinal ■ 

 ■sepals, /petals,.?; filaments of the stamens, r ovary, h stign)a, rf 

 -, i_ D . ^...-^ ...>^f;^r, tht-r,ii(Th th*- ov.-irv : /"its wall, fit I 



glands. B transverse 



through 



I section ; 

 ,j J, j< stign)a, rf nectar- 

 vary: /its wall, // the pl.i- 



carpellary leaf, as in Figs. 301, 302 ; in polycarpous flowers there may be two, three, 

 or more, or even many ; if there are two, three or five they are usually arranged in a 

 whorl; if there are four, six or ten, they are usually in two alternating whorls 

 (Fig. 299 B, I) ; if there are a considerable number of monomerous ovaries in a 



