476 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



development within it of the sporocarp ; 

 it is eventually ruptured and the upper 

 portion is not infrequently carried up 

 like a cap on the apex of the capsule 

 as the seta elongates. 



Calyx. Outermost series of leaves (sepals) in 

 theflowerformingthc outerfloral envelope. 



Cambium. Meristematic zone from which 

 new tissues are developed. 



Campylotropous. An ovule, of which the 

 nucellus with the integuments is bent upon 

 itself so that its apex, and therefore also the 

 micropyle, is brought close to the point of 

 attachment of the funiculus, is termed 

 campylotropous. 



Canal cells of archegonium. See arche- 

 gonium. 



Cap. {a) In Basidiomycetes ; same as 

 pileus. (b) InMusci: same as calyptra. 



Cap-cells. In Angiosperms : upper sister- 

 cells of the embryo-sac (macrospore) in 

 the ovule which are squeezed together 

 as the embryo-sac developes and appear 

 for a time as a cap upon its apex. 



Capillitium. In Myxomycetes : sterile 

 thread-like tubes or fibres often combined 

 into a net within the spore-capsule, the 

 function of which is to loosen the spore 

 masses at the time of scattering of the 

 spores. 



Capitixlum. [a) In Characeae : roundish 

 cell borne upon each of the manubria in 

 the antheridium. Same as head-cell, (b) 

 In Phanerogams: simple racemose mono- 

 podial inflorescence in which the primary 

 axis is contracted in the region of branch- 

 ing and the flowers are sessile. Same as 

 head. 



Capsule. General term for any box-like 

 structure containing bodies which ulti- 

 mately escape from it ; thus sacs con- 

 taining spores are capsules. It has the 

 following special significations : [a) In 

 Muscineae : upper part of the sporocarp 

 in which the sporangium is contained. 

 {b) In Phanerogams : dry dehiscent fruit. 



Carinal canal. In Equisetum : air-canal 

 on the inner side of the xylem and op- 

 posite a ridge on the stem-surface. 



Carpel. Female sporophyll, a leaf of the 

 gynaeceum of the flower. 



Carpellary. {a) Like or of the nature of 

 a carpel, {b) Belonging to a carpel. 



Carpogenous cells. Cells of a carpo- 

 gonium which after fertilisation grow out 

 to form a sporocarp. 



Carpogonium (carpogone). {a) Portion 

 of a procarp consisting of carpogenous 

 cells alone, or of these along with barren 

 cells, excited by fertilisation to a process 

 of growth resulting in formation of a 

 sporocarp. (iJj In Ascomycetes : same as 

 archicarp. 



Carpophore. In Fungi : used in this book 

 in the sense of the German Fruchttrager 

 to denote a structure that bears reproduc- 

 tive bodies (spores). 



Carpospore. Spore formed in a sporo- 

 carp. 



Caruncle. Localised outgrowth of seed- 

 coat at apex of seed, a form of aril. 



Caryopsis. Achene with pericarp ad- 

 herent to the seed-coat. 



Cataphyll. Scale-leaf below the foliage 

 leaves on a shoot. 



Cataphyllary leaf. Same as cataphyll. 



Catkin. Same as amentum. In Cycadeae 

 and Coniferae the male flower is erro- 

 neously designated ' catkin.' 



Cauline bundle. Vascular bundle always 

 remaining in the stem, growing acro- 

 petally with it, and having no direct con- 

 nection with common bundles or having 

 the latter attached laterally to them. 

 Comp. common bvmdle. 



Central cell of archegonium. Cell in 

 theventer from which the oosphere (ovum) 

 and the ventral canal- cell are formed. 



Centrifugal. In the direction of the cir- 

 cumference or of the base. 



Centripetal. In the direction of the 

 centre or of the apex. 



ChafF-scale. Same as palea. 



Chalaza. Base of nucellus of ovule. 



Choripetalous. Same as polypetalous. 



Choriphyllous. Having separate leaves ; 

 said of the series of members of the flower. 



Chorisepalous. Same as polysepalous. 



Chorisis. Development of two or more 

 m.embers where one only should be; 

 Either collateral, i.e. the plane (or planes) 

 of separation of the members is antero- 

 posterior ; or parallel, i.e. the plane (or 

 planes) of separation of the members is 

 lateral. Same as dedoublement, dupli- 

 cation, doubling. 



Cieinus. Sympodial branching in which, 

 from heterodromy of the phyllotaxis of 

 the axes of limited growth that build up 

 the system, the median plane of each 

 successive axis is placed alternately right 

 and left of the median plane of the pre- 

 ceding axis, and therefore the branches 

 form a double row on one side of the 

 sympodium or false axis. Same as 

 scorpioid cyme. 



Cilia. (ci:j Vibratile protoplasmic processes 

 by which planogametes and other swarm- 

 ing cells move, [b) In Musci : teeth of 

 the peristome. 



Ciliated bodies in Characeae. Spherical 

 protoplasmic bodies covered with fine 

 rod-like projections in the rotating proto- 

 plasm. 



Circinate. Rolled inwards from the tip in 

 a coil. 



