488 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



Sporophore. In Archegoniatae : same as 

 sporopliyte. 



Sporophyll. Leaf bearing spores. 



Sporophyte. In Archegoniatae : the spore- 

 bearing stage or segment in a life cycle. 

 Same as sporophore. Comp. oophyte. 



Sprout-chain. Chain of cells formed by 

 pullulation (sprouting). 



Sprouting. Same as pullulation. 



Spur. In Coniferae : contracted lateral 

 shoot bearing at its summit a few foliage 

 leaves in a tuft. 



Spurious dissepiment. Partition in a 

 fruit which cannot be regarded as formed 

 by the primary infolding of the margins 

 of a carpel or growth upwards of torus. 



Squama fructifera. Same as semini- 

 ferous scale. 



Stalk. In Musci : same as seta. 



Stamen. Male sporophyll in a flower. 



Staminode. Sterile or arrested stamen. 



Starch-layer. Form of bundle-sheath 

 consisting of a single layer of cells closely 

 connected laterally without undulation 

 of the radial lateral walls and hlled with 

 small grains of starch. 



Sterigma. In Fungi : stalk from which a 

 spore or spermatium is abjointed. 



Stichidium. In Rhodophyceae : special 

 branch of thallus with imbedded tetra- 

 gonidia. 



Stigma. Receptive surface of style. 



Stigmatic cells of archegonia. Same as 

 lid cells. 



Stilogonidium. In Fungi : gonidium ab- 

 jointed from the end of a sterigma on a 

 gonidiophore. 



Stipe. In Basidiomycetes : stalk of the 

 pileus. 



Stipulate. Having stipules. 



Stipule, {a) In Characeae : short or long 

 unicellular tubes on the inner and outer 

 side of a ' leaf.' {^b) In Archegoniatae : 

 appendage at the point of insertion of a 

 leaf, either wholly attached to the leaf 

 or to the stem, or to both. 



Stolon. {a) In Musci : shoot running 

 along or beneath the ground and event- 

 ually rising into the air and producing 

 fully leaved shoots, [b) In Phanerogams : 

 slender prostrate rooting branch. 



Stoma. Apparatus lying between the cells 

 of the epidermis consisting of a pair of 

 cells (guard cells) between the opposed 

 concave sides of which lies a slit ex- 

 tending through the whole height of 

 epidermis and forming an open com- 

 munication between the surrounding 

 medium and an intercellular space on the 

 inside of the epidermis. 



Stroma. In Ascomycetes : variously shaped 

 body of tissue on which sporocarps are 

 borne. 



Strophiole. Localised outgrowth of the 

 funiculus or of the seed-coat at the base 

 of a seed, a form of aril. 



Style. The upper (usually narrowed) 

 portion of a carpel enclosing one or 

 more canals often filled with conducting 

 tissue and upon which the stigma is 

 found. 



Stylospore. Spore (gonidium) abjointed 

 from a sterigma in a pycnidium. 



Subhymenial layer. Same as hypothe- 

 cium. 



Superior ovary. An ovary is superior 

 when none of the leaves of the flower are 

 inserted upon it but all arise upon the 

 torus below it. Comp. inferior. 



Superposed. A member placed verti- 

 cally over another in a flower is said 

 to be superposed upon it. Same as 

 opposite. 



Suspensor. In Selaginelleae and Phane- 

 rogams : thread of cells at the extremity 

 of which is situated the developing em- 

 bryo. 



Suture, {a) A line of union, {b) A line 

 of opening. 



Swarm-cell. Naked protoplasmic body 

 moving by means of cilia. 



Symbiosis. The living together of dis- 

 similar organisms. 



Symmetrical. Of flower : divisible into 

 halves each of which appears to be 

 the exact reflection of the other. By 

 English and French writers the term is 

 used to signify similarity of the number 

 of members in the calyx, the corolla 

 and the androecium. Comp. asym- 

 metrical. 



Sympetalous. Same as gamopetalous. 



Sympodium. An axis made up of the 

 bases of a number of successive axes 

 arising as branches in succession one 

 from the other. Comp. false axis, 

 pseudaxis. 



Syncarp. A term with more than one 

 signification. In this book used in sense 

 of aethalium, and also of aggregate 

 fruit. 



Syncarpous. Composed of two or more 

 united carpels. Comp. apocarpous. 



Synergidae. Two cells situated at the 

 apex of the embryo-sac and forming 

 with the oosphere the egg-apparatus. 



Synsepalous. Same as gamosepalous. 



Tapetal cell. Cell of a tapetum. 



Tapetum. Cell or layer of cells imme- 

 diately outside an archesporium which 

 becomes disorganised and absorbed as the 

 spores develope and mature. 



Tap-root. Primary root growing vigorously 

 downward and giving off lateral roots in 

 acropetal succession. 



