lOo OUTLINES OF EQUINE ANATOMY. 



the superior of wliicli blends with a fibrous hand ivhicJi runs 

 from one extremity of the sternum to the other, and posteriorly 

 is continuous with the ligament by which the inferior 

 sharpened extremities of the false ribs are connected 

 together. 



ARTICULATIONS OF THE FORE EXTREMITY. 



Shoulder or scapulo-humeral articulation 



is the union of the glenoid cavity of the scapula with 

 the head of the humerus ; presents only a capsular ligament, 

 directly connecting the outer circumferent margins of these 

 two articular surfaces. It is lined by synovial membrane. 

 Anteriorly its external surface is separated by fat from 

 the tendon of flexor brachii, and the bursa between it and 

 the antero-superior part of the humerus. The muscles in 

 contact with this surface are : — 



Internally — subscapularis ; posteriorly, caput magnum, 

 scapulo-humeralis posticus ; externally, scapulo-humeralis 

 externus, postea-spinatus, and antea spinatus. 



This is a good example of a rotatorial joint. 



Elbow or brachio-humeral articulation 



is the union of the condyles of the humerus with the 

 articulatory superior surface of the radius and that of the 

 hamular process of the ulna. This articulation has a 

 break in the articular cartilage of both of the articular 

 surfaces. It presents a capsular ligament and two lateral. 

 The outer lateral ligament is the shortest but stoutest. 

 It runs from the depression on the external surface of the 

 outer condyle to a slight prominence at the superior part 

 of the outer margin of the radius. The inner lateral 

 ligament superiorly is attached to a depression on the 

 inner surface of the inner condyle, runs downwards, is 

 attached to a prominence at the superior part of the inner 

 margin of the radius, passes over the tendon of humeralis 

 externus, which it binds down, and becomes attached 

 below it. 



It is a ginglymoid articulation. 



Radio-ulnar articulation 



has been necessarily somewhat minutely described in our 

 examination of its component bones. 



