114 OUTLINES OF EQUINE ANATOMY. 



latory surfaces, which at the postero-internal part is 

 thickened and fibro-cartilaginous, its external surface being 

 here concave and lubricated with synovia, forming part 

 of that theca in which the perforans tendon glides. 



The lateral ligaments of the JiocTc are two in number, and 

 extend from the malleoli of the tibia to the supero- lateral 

 l^arts of the large and respective small metatarsal bones ; 

 the outer is the largest. Both of them may be divided into 

 several parts. 



The posterior annular ligament is thickened in covering 

 the bones on the postero-internal part of the joint in the 

 groove, in which the perforans tendon plays ; it likewise 

 becomes reflected from the posterior border of os calcis to 

 blend with the posterior margin of the inner lateral liga- 

 ment, binding down the perforans tendon and continued on 

 to retain the tendon of flexor pedis accessorius in its groove 

 behind the internal malleolus. 



The anterior annular ligament becomes marked as three 

 hands. The superior extends across the antero-inferior part 

 of the tibia, over the flat surf ace, binding down the tendons 

 of flexor metatarsi and extensor pedis, inclined obliquely 

 from within outwards and downwards, and continued on to 

 retain the tendon of peroneus in its groove on the outer 

 malleolus of the tibia. The middle hand, extending from 

 the cuboid, winds round extensor pedis tendon, and then 

 blends with that division of the flexor metatarsi tendon 

 which passes to the same bone. The inferior hand, closely 

 connected in the fresh subject with the middle, runs from 

 the superior extremity of the outer small metatarsal bone 

 over extensor pedis tendon to the central line of the supero- 

 anterior part of the large metatarsal bone. 



The calcaneo-euboid ligament extends from the posterior 

 border of os calcis along its whole length downwards to the 

 superior part of the outer small metatarsal bone. Exter- 

 nally it blends with the external lateral ligament, internally 

 with the posterior annular ligament. A large and impor- 

 tant synovial membrane covers the inner surface of the 

 capsular ligament. 



None of the other ligaments of the hock require special 

 notification. 



The other articulations of the hind limb resemble 

 those of the fore limb, to the description of which reference 

 may be made when the dissection arrives at this stage. 



