THE POKE EXTREMITY. 201 



. PAUT VII.— SPECIAL ANATOMY. 



The Fore Extremity. 



The skin having been dissected back from the withers 

 (a work rendered easy by the primary incisions on either 

 side) down to a little below the elbow- joint, the panniculus 

 is shown extending over the limb on the outside as far as 

 this joint, becoming indirectly attached to the spine of 

 the scapula, the point of the shoulder, the humeral ridge, 

 &c. Anteriorly it is somewhat intimately connected with 

 levator humeri, posteriorly it covers the muscles of the 

 shoulder, and dorsal trapezius, and extends on to the lateral 

 part of the thorax. From the lateral parts of the thorax 

 some fibres of panniculus run forwards to the internal 

 surface of the shoulder. The panniculus having been re- 

 moved, levator humeri must be traced in its attachments, 

 to the spine of the scapula (blending with trapezius), the 

 external ridge of the humerus, with the fibrous band run- 

 ning downwards from it, and the antero- inferior part of the 

 humerus. The latter attachment being also that of pec- 

 toralis transversus, which will be found running from the 

 under surface of the sternum to this attachment, and by 

 a broader part (almost separated from the former) to the 

 faschia covering the inner surface of the arm. By divi- 

 sion of levator humeri along the anterior margin of the 

 scapula, pectoralis anticus is exposed ; it is a triangular 

 elongated muscle arising from the lateral part of the cari- 

 niform cartilage and from the external surface of the an- 

 terior sterno-costal cartilages and muscles, and running 

 along the front of the shoulder, passing over pectoralis 

 magnus and growing thinner superiorly to blend with the 

 faschia covering antea spinatus and to reach the spine of 

 the scapula. Between this muscle and those of the neck 

 is situated a quantity of loose cellular tissue in which 

 much fat and the prescapular lymphatic glands are situ- 

 ated. The subscapulo-hyoideus muscle runs on the inner 



