144 TREE ANCESTORS 



In Japan in Asia; and in Colorado, Yellowstone Park, and Oregon 

 in this country. The Phocene records comprise the remains of 1 1 

 nominal species, found in Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Styria 

 and Slavonia in Europe: in Asia Minor, Japan and Indo-China in 

 Asia: and in New Jersey in this country. 



The modem species represent the survivors from these Pliocene 

 forms which did not succumb to the rigors of the Pleistocene gla- 

 ciations. The European chestnut is found in the Interglacial 

 deposits in France and Italy, and our American chinquapin has 

 been found fossil in deposits of Pleistocene age in West Virginia, 

 Kentucky and Tennessee. 



Some of the more interesting forms of leaves of fossil and recent 

 oaks are shown on the accompanying plate, and the small sketch 

 maps summarize, not only the distribution of the oaks and chest- 

 nuts, but of the other genera as well, of this interesting and most 

 important family of trees. 



Fig. 31. Some Recent and Extinct Oak Leaves (About | Natural Size) 



1. Dryophyllum curticellense Sap. & Marion, from the Paleocene of Belgium. 



2. Dryophyllum levalense Marty, from the same horizon and region. 

 3-5. Quercus chrysolepis Lieb. a living s}'nthetic type. 



6. Quercus serrata Thunb., a living Oriental type. 



7, 8. Quercus ilex Linne, an Old World synthetic type. 



9. Quercus oligodonta Saporta, from the Miocene of southeastern France. 



10. Querents armata Saporta, same locality and horizon. 



11. Quercus confer ta Kit., a living species. 



12. Quercus ursma Knowlton, a Miocene black oak from Oregon. 



13. Quercus imhricaria Michx., a living entire leafed form. 



14. Quercus ilicijolia Wagenh., a living species. 



15. Quercus Chapmanifoliu, Berry, A Pliocene oak from Alabama. 



16. Quercus concinna Wagenh. A living species. 



17. Quercus lobbii Hook, f., a modern Asiatic form. 



