254 TREE ANCESTORS 



Kansas, Vancouver Island, Marthas Vineyard, Long Island, Ala- 

 bama, and Moravia. 



We have records of 9 forms during the Eocene. Four of these 

 are from the early Eocene of France, 1 comes from the Upper 

 Eocene of Germany, 1 from the Upper Eocene of British Columbia, 

 and 3 from the early Eocene of the United States. One of the last 

 comes from Colorado and the other 2 were members of the warm 

 flora that spread northward from equatorial America during that 

 period of mild chmate that characterized the later Eocene and 

 which contained so many representatives of this family, including 

 even the cinnamon and camphor trees which in existing floras are 

 confined to the Old World. 



The Oligocene forms of Persea are 6 in number and come from 

 Italy and southern Germany. Succeeding Miocene rocks furnish 

 many records, and include no less than 27 different species. They 

 are knowii at that time from four different continental areas and 

 occur in Indo-China, southern Chile, Peru, Colombia, Italy, Baden, 

 France, Switzerland, Germany, Bohemia, Styria, Carniola, Croa- 

 tia, Carinthia, Transylvania, Greece, New Jersey, Colorado, Yel- 

 lowstone Park and California. As regards the general facies of 

 the flora that of Pliocene time is essentially a continuation of that 

 of the later Miocene without great change. 



Eleven different forms of Persea have been discovered in PHo- 

 cene deposits and these PHocene records include Spain, France, 

 Italy, Asia Minor and Brazil. The still existing species which I 

 have mentioned as surviving in the Canary Islands is found in beds 

 of Pliocene age in France and Italy and in the volcanic beds of that 

 age on the Lipari Islands. The Pleistocene records are confined to 

 the presence of one of the living American forms which has been 

 found in the deposits of that age in North Carolina and Alabama, 

 and possibly a third occurrence in western Tennessee. 



