i/o Trees with Simple Leaves. [c i 



Leaf, needle-shape, 'five twelfths to two thirds of an inch 

 long, four-sided, mostly straight, stiff, and sharp ; 

 dark green. 



Cones, three fourths to one and one half inches long, 

 drooping at the ends of the branchlets ; broad oval ; 

 dark purple when young, becoming ?- -eddish-brown 

 as they ripen. Scales, long reverse egg-shape,* thin, 

 with a wavy or toothed edge toward their apex. 



Found, along the Alleghany Mountains from the high 

 peaks of North Carolina to Pennsylvania, through 

 the Northern States, and far northward. In the 

 North it often forms large, dark forests. 



An evergreen tree thirty to sixty feet high, with 

 straight, tapering trunk. The wood is light and straight- 

 grained and is used for lumber, for the masts and spars of 

 ships, in building, etc. From its twigs is prepared the 

 " essence of spruce." 



Fig. 87. — White Spruce. P. Canadensis (Mill), B. S. P. 

 P. alba, Link. 



Leaves, simple ; indeterminate in position because of 

 their closeness ; arranged singly all around the 

 branchlets. 



Leaf, needle-shaped, five twelfths to three fourths of an 

 inch long, four-sided, curved, sharp, rather slender, 

 bluish-green, much lighter than the leaf of the Black 

 Spruce. 



Bark, lighter than that of the Black Spruce. 



Cones, one to two inches long, and always in the pro- 

 portion of about two inches in length to one half 



