196 THE VETERINAEIAN 



any so-called tonics that the animals eat readily, as these 

 possess no real tonic values. 



BLACK SCOURS 



(Verminous Gastritis — Strongylosis) 

 Causte: Due to a worm (Strongylus Contortus) meas- 

 uring one-fourth to one inch in length, inhabiting the 

 intestines and the fourth stomach of sheep and goats. 

 This disease is frequently seen in low, marshy pastures, 

 where animals infested with the worm pass the ova or 

 egg with the feces, the eggs developing into an embry- 

 otio worm which is again taken with the food or water by 

 non-infected animals, whereby this disease again at- 

 tacks the intestines and fully matured worms develop. 



Symptoms: Naturally, the symptoms vary according 

 to the violence of the attack. In well developed cases, 

 the anima> strains to defecate, and passes shreds of in- 

 testinal mucous along with blood-stained feces. Finally 

 a severe dysentery takes place, the animal becomes cor- 

 respondingly weak, and death takes place in two or three 

 days. Some cases become chronic, in which death does 

 not take place for a month or more. However, the 

 latter is uncommon. Other signs are staggering gait, 

 trembling, eyes fixed, showing wild expression, neck 

 turned to one side. Then the animal appears as if in 

 pain, and looks around at the flank frequently. There is 

 a chopping of the jaws, and a very free flow of stringv^ 

 saliva dropping from the mouth. When an animal dies 

 from the symptoms just described, it should be cut open 

 and carefully examined for this particular parasite, 

 which can be easily seen with the naked eye. 



Treatment : Very successfully treated when the first 

 symptoms appear by administering one ounce of Gasoi- 

 lene with a pint of Milk. To lambs or kids give half 

 the dose. Every precaution should be taken so as to 

 prevent the drench from entering the lungs. Perhaps 

 the best method is to set the animal on its haunches and 



