DISEASES OF SHEEP AND GOATS 205 



week. This treatment has proven very efficient in lo- 

 calities where sheep Gadflies are numerous. 



Medical Treatment : After the animal once becomes 

 infected with these grubs, bore holes (trephine) through 

 the skull with a sharp instrument made for this purpose 

 and remove the grubs. This requires considerable 

 amount of skill and should be attempted only by a com- 

 petent Veterinarian. 



HOVEN 



(Bloating — Acute Tynpanitis — Acute Indigestion) 

 Cause: Hoven is caused by various kinds of food 

 which produce indigestion or fermentation and resultant 

 gases in the rumen or paunch. When sheep are first 

 turned into young clover, they eat so greedily of it that 

 bloating frequently results. Turnips, potatoes and cab- 

 bage may also produce it. Middlings and corn meal also 

 frequently give rise to it. In this connection it may be 

 stated that an excessive quantity of any food, before 

 mentioned, may bring on this disorder, or it may not be 

 due to excessive eating but to eating too fast. Sometimes 

 the quality of food is at fault. Grass, clover or alfalfa, 

 when wet with dew or rain soaked, frequently produce 

 digestive disorders and bloating follows. Frozen roots 

 or potatoes covered with white frost should be regarded 

 as dangerous. When food has been eaten too hastily or 

 when it is cold and wet, the digestive process is imper- 

 fectly performed and the food contained in the paunch 

 ferments, during which process large quantities of gas 

 are formed. This same result may follow when a sheep 

 is choking, as the obstruction in the gullet prevents the 

 eructation or passing of gas from the stomach so that 

 the gas continues to accumulate until severe bloating 

 results. 



Symptoms : The swelling of the left flank is very char- 

 acteristic, as in well marked cases the flank at its upper 

 part rises above the level of the backbone and when 



