Anatomical Rudiments 



into two compartments, and encloses the brain. 

 The cavities for the eyes are complete. The 

 lower jaws are strong and in each jaw there are 

 six molar teeth — upper and lower (24 in all). 

 Twelve of these are temporary — three in each jaw 

 and known as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd molars, whilst 

 the 4th, 5th and 6th are permanent. In addition 

 to the molar teeth there are six incisors in the upper 

 and six in the lower jaw, all of which are temporary 

 and are entirely replaced as soon as the animal has 

 turned 4 -J years. These teeth come up in pairs at 

 intervals of a year and are known as the centrals ; 

 laterals ; and corners ; in accordance with their 

 position. The first pair, or centrals, make their 

 appearance soon after the animal has turned 2 

 years and are about half way up at 2% years, 

 meeting each other at 3 years. The laterals 

 appear at gj years and the corners at 4 \ years or 

 thereabout, being later in animals in the North. 

 The neck is composed of 7 bones. The back and 

 the loins of 21 vertebrae and the sacrum of about 

 5 segments, whilst the tail has numerous small 

 bones. There is no collar bone as in man, and 

 the forelimbs are not attached to the skeleton but 

 are suspended by muscles. The hind limbs, on 

 the other hand, are united to the skeleton, by the 

 pelvic girdle or basin-bone, which, in reality, 

 is composed of three segments on each side. 

 Each hind limb consists of a femur (or thigh bone) 

 which is the largest bone in the body and articulates 



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