Anatomical Rudiments 



prise the ovaries ; their ducts ; the uterus ; the 

 vagina ; the vulva ; and the mammary gland. The 

 male organs are the testes ; their ducts ; the 

 seminal reservoirs ; the generative organ, etc. 



The nervous system is well developed, and 

 comprises the brain and spinal cord. Therr 

 are 12 pairs of nerves which take origin from 

 both these structures. The distribution of the 

 nerves (divided into sensory and motor) enables 

 the animal to experience the various sensa- 

 tions throughout its body, and execute its 

 movements. 



The muscular system obtains its maximum 

 development in the horse and upon the excellency 

 of this, beauty of conformation largely depends. 

 The muscles clothing the back and the loins are 

 the largest in the body. They mostly exist in 

 pairs and there are no muscles below the knees 

 or hocks — nothing beyond their tendinous pro- 

 longations. The flexor muscles are situated at 

 the back of the limbs and the extensors in front. 

 Every muscle has its point of origin and insertion 

 in some bone, excepting the so-called sphincters, 

 which have neither origin nor insertion. The 

 muscles encircling the anus, and the pupils of 

 the eye form good examples. The contraction of 

 muscle can be produced by artificial stimulation, 

 but under ordinary circumstances such contraction 

 is induced by motor nerves. The first muscle 

 under the skin almost covers the entire body and 



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