Anatomical Rudiments 



fibrous tissue. There are 8 incisors in the lower 

 jaw, and an interesting feature in connection with 

 these is that they are loose in their sockets. The 

 stomachs of all ruminants are divided into 4 com- 

 partments, and the names of these are as follows : 

 the Rumen (paunch) or 1st compartment; the 

 Reticulum (honey-comb) or 2nd compartment; 

 the Omasum (Manyplies) or 3rd compartment ; 

 the Abomasum (4th compartment) or true 

 digestive stomach ; the last named being, in the 

 calf, the largest ; and contains a substance called 

 rennet, used in the manufacture of cheese. The 

 capacity of the ox's stomach is enormous but that 

 of the intestines small. The ox, sheep and goat 

 all chew their cud ; the food passing, first of all 

 into the paunch, but after its regurgitation into 

 the mouth to be chewed, it passes into the 2nd 

 compartment, whilst the juices are extracted from 

 it in the 3rd compartment, the lining of which is 

 specially adapted for this purpose ; subsequently 

 finding its way into the 4th compartment where 

 true digestion begins. The gullet in ruminants is 

 wide. The lungs of the ox have a large amount 

 of connective tissue, and this is favourable to the 

 grapy-like growths so commonly observed in tuber- 

 culosis. The kidneys are lobulated and large ; but 

 in sheep and goats, are like those of the dog, pig, 

 etc., viz. simple. The liver is large and has a gall 

 bladder, which latter is absent in the horse. In the 

 calf there is a so-called thymus gland situated at the 



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