Anatomical Rudiments 



being in this animal special ligaments for this 

 purpose. In some breeds of both the dog and 

 cat the tail is either aborted, or entirely absent. 



The Fowl 

 The bony framework is pneumatic, there being 



numerous air sacs in connection with the bones 



and lungs. The epidermal 



appendages are in the form 



of feathers and upon the 



legs there are numerous 



epidermal scales. There 



are four toes, and the bones 



'of the hock are fused with 



that of the metatarsal bone. 



There is a rudimentary tail, 



and the bones of the neck 



are numerous and vary in 



accordance with the species 



of fowl. The breast bone 



has a prominent keel in birds of swift progres- 

 sion, but in aquatic birds is flat. There are 



both true and 

 false ribs, and 

 the shoulder 

 blade is 

 sword- 

 shaped ; and 

 there is a pro- 

 minent bone, known as the furculum, or merry- 



10 



Fowl Louse {Menopon 

 pallidum') (greatly enlarged) 



Fowl Louse (Lipeurus variabilis) 

 (greatly enlarged) 



