ANIMAL DENTISTRY. 163 



fected side uppermost, with a mouth speculum securely ad- 

 justed, is the proper attitude for the repulsion of teeth. The 

 standing posture is never satisfactory. The operating table 

 is par excellence the best method, as the head can be more 

 firmly secured than with the casting harness. General 

 anaesthesia is sometimes harmful, as in the unconscious 

 state blood readily finds its way into the lungs. 



Location of the openings: — ^The opening in the skull 

 must be situated so that the punch can be placed on a 



Fig. 115. 



Cut Representing the 8 Teetli Whicli Can Tc Repulsed and the Location of 



the Opening for Each. 



straight line with the long axis of the tooth. (See Fig 116.) 

 The transverse range will vary slightly with the age of the 

 horse. In the young horse well toward the median line of the 

 head and in the old one nearer the maxillary spine. The lon- 

 gitudinal range will vary according to the tooth to be re- 

 pulsed, the fourth, fifth or sixth. The exact seat is deter- 

 mined after the animal is secured and otherwise prepared for 

 the operation. The hand is placed into the mouth and a 



