ANIMAL DENTISTRY. 231 



the palate may project beyond the level of the arcade from 

 wear of the incisors, when the latter are soft in texture. 



Symptoms — Tumefaction and redness of the first bars of 

 the palate. Sensitiveness is not a characteristic feature. The 

 bars project to the level or below the tables of the incisors. 



Treatment — The popular impression that lampas is 

 inimical to the welfare of an animal necessitates the appli- 

 cation of efforts to diminish the size of the tumefaction. 

 This is done by scarification and actual cautery. The latter 

 is the effectual method. The thermo-cautery is par excel- 

 lence the neatest micthod of satisfying the popular prejudice 

 against them. Confine the horse with the dental halter and 

 twitch, and elevate the head. Pass a round stick through 

 the interdental space and hold it, together with the tongue, 

 in the left hand. Hold the mouth open by downward pres- 

 sure upon the stick and tongue and keep the upper lip 

 elevated with the twitch, and then with the right hand caut- 

 erize the first two or three bars until they shrink below the 

 table level. 



SECONDARY CHRONIC NASAL CATARRH. 



Synonyms — Chronic nasal catarrh. Unilateral chronic 

 rhinitis. Nasal gleet. Ozena. Purulent accumulations in 

 the facial sinuses. 



Etiology — Primary chronic nasal catarrh is a rare disease 

 in the herbivorous animals. The chronic nasal catarrh of 

 the horse and ox has its origin in the surrounding structures 

 and hence can only be described as a secondary condition. 

 The primary lesion can usually be found in the superior 

 dental arcades. Decayed teeth, usually the fourth superior 

 molar, are responsible for 95 per cent of the cases. Alveolo- 

 nasal fistula, fractures, foreign bodies, parasites, glanders, 

 tumors and chronic bronchitis constitute the primary lesions 

 of the other five per cent. 



