170 THE VETERINARY SCIENCE. 



MELANOTIC TUMORS. 



These tumors only affect gray horses, and are found mostly 

 to be amund the tail, sheath, Hps and ears, but may be found on 

 other parts of the body. 



Causes. — The exact cause is not known. 



Symptoms. — These tumors are generally small, varying from 

 the size of a bean up to the size of a pigeon's egg, and are in 

 bunches. They are not sore to handle, nor do they break out, 

 but simply grow until they cause trouble to the parts they are in. 



Treatment. — As long as they do not interfere with the animal 



in any way it is best to leave them alone, but as soon as you fear they 



are going to cause trouble it is best to cut them off by using 



a sharp knife and putting Monsell's solution of iron on 



them to stop the bleeding ; or tie a tight cord around them 



allowing them to drop off themselves the same as a wart; or take 



them off with an ecrasure, which is an instrument for that purpose. 



After they are off treat the part as a common wound by bathing 



twice a day with luke warm water and applying white lotion each 



time after bathing. 



MANGE. 



Causes. — This is caused from a germ or parasite working 

 down into the skin and .'■tting up the disease. One horse will 

 catch the disease from another, also men and other animals will 

 take the disease from the horse, so you see it is best to be careful 

 if you think the animal has mange. It is most seen in animals 

 that are in poor condition, with long, dirty hair, but it will affect 

 animals that are in good condition. The disease is generally car- 

 ried from one horse to another by the groom's clothes, harness or 

 brushes. 



Symptoms. — The insects burrow down into the skin and set 

 up an irritation which breaks and runs a watery discharge, the hair 

 falls off in patches, and the animal is extremely itchy. The dis- 

 ease generally commences around the mane and tail, and gradually 

 spreads over the body. To make sure of the disease being mange 

 examine a few of the scales under the microscope, and if you find 

 the small germs or parasites in it you will know that it is a case of 

 mange you have to deal with. 



Treatment. — Apply something that will destroy the germs or 

 parasites in the skin. If the horse's hair is long, clip him, and 

 wash the body off with luke warm water and a little soap ; then 

 apply any of the following- washes: 



