THE ANATOMY OF THE OX. 247 



fully digested by the action of acids and gastric juices which are 

 secreted in this part of the stomach, then it passes into the small 

 bowels and is acted upon by the bile from the liver and the 

 pancreatic juice from the pancreas, these juices are emptied into 

 the first part of the small bowels by little tubes or ducts, which 

 lead from the glands down to the bowels, just on the same 

 principle a-< that of the horse. After this, throughout the rest of 

 the bowels, the nourishment of the food is taken up into the 

 system by means of little glands or villi which are situated in the 

 coats of the bowels, and the nourishment when once in the blood 

 goes to supply the different parts of the body, while the part of 

 the food there is no nourishment in passes off through the back 

 bowels in the form of manure. 



The Feet of the ox and bones below the fetlock are divided 

 and receive the name of trotters. 



THE RESPIRATORY OR BREATHING ORGANS. 



These organs in the ox work on the same principle, and re- 

 semble in structure those of the horse, only they are not, as a gen- 

 eral thing, so liable to diseases as the breathing organs of the 

 horse. 



THE URINARY ORGANS. 



The chief point of difference in these organs are the kidneys. 

 In the ox they are larger, and instead of being smooth, like those 

 of the horse, they are rough, and resemble a bunch of grapes. 

 The bladder and the rest of the urinary organs resemble those of 

 the horse. 



THE GENITAL ORGANS OF THE COW. 



The Ovaries in a cow are smaller than those of the mare, but 

 resemble them in structure. 



The Womb in the cow somewhat resembles that of the mare, 

 hut the inside lining is different, for it is covered with button-like 

 processes about the size of a pigeon egg, only more flattened out. 

 These processes receive the name of cotyledons ; this is what the 

 cleaning or afterbirth is attached to and is a very important point 

 which every person interested should become familiar with by ex- 

 amining a womb after calving or by opening a cow that dies soon 

 after calving. The passage out of the womb of the cow is shorter 

 than that of the mare, but is formed on the same principle. 



The Bagf, mammary glands, or udder, is very important to 

 understand in the cow. It is first divided into two halves by a 



