DISEASES AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE. 265 



cattle ; treat them the same, only give quarter of the dose. As 

 soon as the worm passes away bring the animal back to its 

 regular feed and habits again. 



JAUNDICE OR YELLOWS. 



Causes. — This may be caused from congestion or inflamma- 

 tion of the liver, or from bile stones forming in the duct of the 

 liver, damming back the bile. It is most often seen in stall-fed 

 cattle. 



Symptoms. — By pressing on the right side of the belly it 

 causes the animal pain, its appetite is poor and it does not want 

 to drink much ; the white of the eyes and the lining of the mouth 

 and nose is of a yellow color. If it is a milk cow the milk falls 

 off in quantity, and has a bitter taste like bile ; the animal will 

 sometimes cough a very painful cough, and will soon run down in 

 condition and have a very dull appearance. 



Treatment. — Give the following : 



Epsom Salts 1 pound. 



Salt 2 tablespoonfuls. 



Mix in a quart of luke warm water and give as a drench, but 

 before giving it to the animal put one dram of dry calomel (which 

 acts on the liver) on the tongue with a spoon and wash it down 

 with the drench. Repeat this drench once or twice a week until 

 the animal is better. Feed on soft food, give plenty of water to 

 drink and gentle exercise every day. 



FLUKE DISEASE IN CATTLE AND SHEEP. 



This occurs in cattle and sheep pasturing on low-lying lands, 

 and is more often met with in rainy seasons. 



Causes. — Animals drink the eggs of the flukeworm out of 

 pools of water, or take them in along with the grass ; after they 

 get into the stomach in this way they get into the blood along 

 with the nourishment, and pass around in the blood until they 

 come to the liver, where they lodge and form into flukeworms, after 

 this they lay eggs, which pass down out of the liver along with 

 the bile, then out of the system along with the manure ; they be- 

 come dry and are blown into pools of water and over the grass, 

 where the animals again take them up. This is the way they 

 generate. 



Symptoms.— At first, when the eggs are taken into the liver, 

 they seem to stimulate] the action of the liver, and the animal 

 seems to thrive better than ever for a time, but alter the worms be. 



