DISEASES AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE. 267 



Symptoms. — The urine or water is of a smoky, red color^ 

 and the animal will pass water often, and strain after making it, 

 and, in some cases, makes a great lot of it. 



Treatment. — Give as a drench : 

 Glauber Salts 1 to 1 J pounds. 



Mix in a quart of luke warm water and give as a drench, and 



follow up with the following powders : 



Ground Gentian Root J pound. 



Sulphate of Iron ^ " 



Mix well together and give a large tablespoontul in a mash 

 twice a day, night and morning. 



CHAPTER IV. 



TROUBLES IN CALVING AND DISEASES 

 FOLLOWING. 



HOW TO TELL WHEN A COW IS WITH CALF. 



During the hot months of spring and summer a cow will 

 come bulling every third week, and occasionally a well-fed cow 

 kept in a warm stable will come bulling during the winter. After 

 she takes the bull and is with calf she ceases to come bulling or 

 running, and will thrive and feed better, and is of a quieter dis- 

 position than before. After a few weeks she commences to get 

 larger at the flanks, which is more noticeable on the right side on 

 account of the calf lying mostly on that side. The call gradually 

 grows, and at the fifth or sixth month becomes alive, and can be 

 seen moving at the side after the cow has taken a cold drink of 

 water. A few months after the cow has been to the bull you can, 

 by pressing your hand in quickly at the right flank, feel the calf, 

 which is easily told by the shape and hardness of the object you 

 feel. Springing commences in young cows about four months 

 previous to calving, and the bag gradually keeps getting larger 

 until calving time, while older cows generally commence to make 

 a bag from four to six weeks before calving. During the time 

 she is making a bag the vulva gradually keeps getting larger. 

 Near the -^nd of the ninth month, when calving time approaches, 

 the ligaments at the sides of the tail and hips relax and leaves a 

 hollow at each side of the tail, this hollow is well marked a day or 

 so before calving. A few days before calving the cow has a wild 



