360 THE VETERINARY SCIENCE. 



pupping and the only thing to be done is to see that she is dry 

 and warm, and that the pups are sucking her all right. 



HOW TO CUT PUPS' TAILS. 



This is usually done when the pup is nbout a month old. The 



length of the tail to be left on varies with the breed of the pup ; 



find out the length you want to leave it and then find the joint, 



and cut it through with one stroke of a sharp knife. They do not 



usually bleed, but if it should, touch the spots with Monsell's 



solution of iron, or if you have not got that just touch it with a 



red hot iron which will stop it, but in most cases it will be all right 



without anything. 



HOW TO CASTRATE A DOG. 



This operation is done at all ages — but like other animals it is 

 best done when he is young ; it is very simple. Catch the dog and 

 roll him up in a blanket, turning his front legs back and his hind 

 legs forward so as to catch them in the blanket, and have him held 

 on his back with his hind end stuck out of the blanket enough to 

 get at the bag. Take hold of the testicle with your left hand, and 

 with a sharp knife in your right hand, let out the testicle by 

 making a cut in the bag large enough to let it out, separate the 

 covering which is attached to the back part of the testicle with 

 your knife, as soon as this is cut draw the testicle well up, and if 

 he is a young dog cut the cord off with a scissors which will stop 

 the bleeding, but if he is an old dog, tie the cord tight with a piece 

 of strong string, leaving the ends long enough so they will hang 

 out of the bag, then cut the testicle off about one-half an inch 

 below where it is tied, operate on the other testicle in the same 

 way, and fill the holes with salty butter and let him go. 



HOW TO SPAY A BITCH. 



This operation is taking the ovaries away from the bitch, to 

 prevent her from coming in heat and getting with pup. It is best 

 to perform this operation when the bitch is between six and nine 

 months old and before she comes in heat for the first time, but it 

 can be done at any time, and we have even done it when she was 

 with pup, and be all right, but, if it is done when she is with pup 

 she will generally lose her pups. It is best to have the bitch thin 

 •n condition, not giving her anything to eat or drink but milk the 

 -lay before the operation. What is needed for this operation is a 

 -^harp knife, a sewing needle and string (the same as is used for 

 s.ewing up wounds), and a probe, which can be made out of a 



