Clupeoid FisJk s of the Cuspian Sea. 473 



3. Clupea, Linn. 



TypCj 67. harcngus, L. 



Belly rounded ; ventral scutes Meak, inconspicuous, 36 to 

 48. 50 to 74) scales in a longitudinal series. Maxillary 

 extending to below middle of eye ; lower jaw projecting ; 

 upper j<jw not notched. Small but persistent teeth on 

 vomer; sometimes minute teeth in jaws and on j)alatine3 

 and tongue. Eyelids rudimentary; cheek longer than high ; 

 operculum smooth. Gill-rakers about 70. Dorsal III-V 

 13-17 ; origin nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal. 

 Anal II-IV 12-17. Pelvics I 7-8 (9), inserted below ante- 

 rior ^ of dorsal. Vertebrae 50-59. Pyloric appendages 

 18-23. 



A single species, with many subspecies, races, and forms 

 in the northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific; absent 

 from the Black and Caspian Seas. 



4. Spratella, Yal. 



Spratella, Valenciennes, Hist. nat. poiss. xx. 1847, p. 356 {puutila=: 



sprattus). 

 Meletta, Val. t. c. p. 306 (^vulijans = sprattus). 

 Pomolohus (non Rat".), Jordan and Everuiaun, Fish, of \. Amer. i. 



189(3, p. 424 (only synonymy, partim). 



DiflFers from Clupea in the absence of vomerine teeth. 

 Ventral scutes distinct. Maxillary scarcely extending 

 beyond vertical from anterior edge of eye. Dorsal origin 

 nearer to base of caudal than to tip of snout ; pelvics in- 

 serted below or somewhat in advance of origin of dorsal. 

 Vertebrae 45 to 50. Pyloric appendages 8 to 10. 



S. sprattus, L., from the Baltic, .S'. phalerica, Risso, from 

 the Mediterranean, and S. suHikb, Antipa, from the Black 

 Sea. 



5. Hauengula, Val. 



Harengula, Val. t. c. pp. 277, 280 (latula) ; Jordan and Herre, Proo. 

 •U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxi. 1906, p. ()33. 



Closely related to Spratella, but the dorsal fin more ante- 

 rior in position. The following diagnosis is based on the 

 species of the Black and Caspian Seas : — 



Belly compressed ; ventral scutes strong, not concealed, 

 22 to 31 in number. Scales deciduous, 40 to 63 in a longi- 

 tudinal series; no alae at base of caudal fin. jNIouth rather 

 small, the maxillary reaching vertical from anterior edge of 

 eye ; lower jaw projecting ; upper jaw not notched. No 



