474 Dr. L. S. Berg on the 



vonieriue teeth ; teeth sometimes present on palatines. Eye- 

 lids absent or rudimentary ; cheek longer than high; oper- 

 culum without radial striae. Dorsal III-IV 11-14; origin 

 nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal. Anal II-III 

 15-18. Pelvics I 6-7, inserted below anterior ^ of dorsal. 

 Vertebrae 44. Pyloric appendages 8. Ovaries pink or 

 purplish violet. No spots on side of body. 



Total length to 165 mm. 



Coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific; four species in the 

 Black and Caspian Seas. 



6. Sardinella_, Val. 



Sardinelia, Val. Hist. iiat. poiss. xx. 1847, p. 261 {aurita). 



Sardiiiia, Poey, Memorias, ii. 1860, p. 31 {^pseudohispanica ; fide Jord. 



it Everm.). 

 Clupanodon (non Lac), Jordan aud Evermi\nn, Fish. N. Amer. i. 1890, 



p. 422. 

 Snrdina, Antipa, Deuksclir. Ak. "Wien, Ixxviii. 1905, p. 42 {pilchardus). 



Intermediate between Clupea and Alosa. 



Ventral scutes nearly concealed. Scales deciduous, 28 to 

 5.2 in a longitudinal series ; alse present. jNlaxillary scarcely 

 extending beyond vertical from anterior margin of eye ; 

 upper jaw slightly notched. No vomerine teeth ; very 

 feeble teeth on palatines and tongue. Eyelids ])resent; 

 opercles with or without radial strise. Dorsal origin much 

 nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal ; pel vies in- 

 serted below anterior | or middle of dorsal. Vertebrae 

 50-54. Pyloric appendages numerous. 



Coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific; within Russian limits 

 S. euxina, Antipa, 1905^ and S. jj'dchardus (Walbaum), both 

 from the Black Sea. 



Two of the six genera occur in the Caspian Sea, namely, 

 Clupeonella and Harengula. A revision of the Caspian species 

 follows, with the Black Sea species of these genera included, 

 so that all the known species of Clupeonella are enumerated. 



Clupeonella. 



Sijnopsis of the Species of the Caspian Sea^. 



I. Less than 50 gill-rakers on first arch ; teeth in jaws distinct. 



A. Pectoral extending more than 61 % of distance from its base to 

 root of pelvics ; diameter of eye 5 to 7'4 "/o of length of lish 

 (to end of middle caudal ravs) ; total length not more than 

 200 to 250 mm. 



* C. grimnii, Kessler, is not included in this synupsi.s (v. p. 479;. 



