Liupeoil FIshea of the Caspian Sea. 47o 



1. Body immaculate or with spcjts larger than pupil j no dark 



lateral stripe. 



Head acute, with straight upper profile ; depth at 

 occiput 70 to 77*4 "/o "f it3 length. Lower jaw 

 with a distinct sj mphysial tubercle saposhnikovi. 



Head with convex upper prolile ; depth at occiput 78'7 

 to 85'7 7o of its length. Lower jaw without or 

 with feeble tubercle sphcerocephaJa. 



2. A dark lateral stripe curensis. 



B. Pectoral (in adults^ extending less than 61 7o ^^ distance from 

 its biise to root of pelvics ; diameter of eye 4 to 5'9 % of length 

 of tish ; total length usually more than 250 mm. 

 25 to 44 gill-rakers on first arch ; lower jaw with a 



tubercle hrashkinovi. 



18 to 26 gill-rakers on first arch ; lower jaw rounded 



at tip leucocephala. 



II. More than 50 but less than 100 gill-rakers on first arch ; teeth in 



jaws distinct. 



Gill-rakers 60 to 89 kessleri. 



Gill-rakers about 53 suworoici. 



III. Gill-rakers long, slender, reaching in advance of base of tongue, 

 100 or more on first arch ; lower jaw sometimes toothless. 



caspia. 



1. Clupeonella saposhnikovi (Grimm). 



Clnpea sapo/ickmkovi, Grimm, The Herring of Astrakhan (in Russ.), 



1887, pp. 7, 16 (Volga Delta). 

 C/upeonella saposhnikovi. Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in 



liuss.), 1913, p. 15, tab. viii.-ix. (full synonymy). 



D. III-IV 12-13. A. III-IV 17-18. Sq. 52-55. Gill- 

 rakers 26-40 (average 30-31). Teeth strong. Eye large, 

 6*0-7'4 °/q of the length of the fish *. Bodv deep^ its depth 

 23-3-28-7 % of the length (if more than 27 7^— morpha 

 elata). 



Total length usually 220-250 mm., sometimes 300 mm. ; 

 morplia elata 340 mm. 



Caspian Sea, ascending only the lower part of the Volga 

 Delta. 



2. Clupeonella sphcerocephala, Berg. 



Chipeonella sphcerocpphala, Berg, The Herrings of the Caspian Sea (in 

 Russ.), 1913, p. 20, tab. xii. figs. 1, 1 a. 



D. Ill 13-14. A. Ill 17-19. Sq. 49. Ventral scutes 

 30-32. Gill-rakers long, robust, 26-36 (average 30). 



* The length of the fish is measured to the end of the middle caudal 

 rays, the total length to the tips of tlie caudal lobes. 



