38 Mr. H. J. Carter on the Freshivater Infusoria of Bombay. 



In the same page it is also stated, that the sudden contractile 

 movement "of Glenodinum unites Euglenae indirectly to Vorfi- 

 cella." I now find that this is not the case, as the " movement'^ 

 is not one of the whole body, or of the body at all, but of the 

 cilium, which, floating posteriorly, like that of Anisonema sulcata 

 and Heteromita ovata (Duj.), &c., every now and then fixes itself 

 by its sucker-like extremity, and thus suddenly checks the pro- 

 gression of the organism. Whether the long cilium is also used 

 for progression, or whether this is performed by the aid of the 

 *' minute vibratile cilia" noticed and figured by Dr. Alhnan*, I 

 am ignorant ; but there does not appear to be a second large 

 cilium for this purpose, as in the animalcules just mentioned. 



Chara. — At p. 237, pi. 7. figs. 93-98, in the additional mat- 

 ter which I have given respecting the development of monads 

 from the cell-contents of the Characeje, it is stated that they are 

 derived from the nuclei which are found free in the protoplasm 

 and in the rhizopodous or polymorphic cells which exist in it 

 (fig. 93 a) ; the nuclei becoming granular (94 d, 96 b), and the 

 granules finally passing into monads ; and this may still take 

 place ; but for the most part it now appears to me that it is the 

 old protoplasm which becomes divided up into monads, after 

 having first abstracted the starch from the dead chlorophyll and 

 converted it into oil, the oil then appearing in a granular form 

 enclosed within the monads ; hence the origin of the "granules" 

 (94 d, 96 b, 98 a) mentioned at p. 238. 



In the same page I have alluded to the " mulberry-shape of 

 the plasma," which we must now consider as the protoplasm 

 (96 G, 97 ff, 98 i). This derives explanation, I think, from the 

 tendency of the protoplasm to assume an actinophorous form, 

 and the radii at the time the pellicula covering them is about 

 to become hardened, not being entirely retracted, but remaining 

 in the pouch-like form which produces the mammillated or mul- 

 berry-surface mentioned. That this does take place is frequently 

 evidenced by the whole surface remaining actinophorous ; and 

 indeed it is only an instance of the way in which the peculiar 

 forms of many structures are produced, viz. by the hardening of 

 the pellicula upon the shape assumed by the protoplasm. It is 

 therefore not difficult to conceive, when the protoplasm and oil 

 are subdivided into monads inside this mulberry-shaped capsule, 

 how the " granules," which are in fact oil-globules surrounded 

 by protoplasm, should get into these pouches (98 a). 



As regards, therefore, impregnation or ovular development 

 being connected with this process, we now see that both are out 

 of the question; but still we have to account for the disappcar- 



^ Quart. Journal Microseop Science, vol. iii. p. 21. pi. '^. tig. f>. &c. 



