and its roJntinn to that in the Animal Kingdom. 257 



jugatcJ, liuvc not really the import of spores, but represent only 

 the condition of cell-contents metamorphosed into a daughter- 

 cell (?) just before conjugation ; and the same of those cases in 

 which a spore appeared to be contained in each of the conju- 

 gated cells. This author, in the last case, saw one of the sup- 

 posed spores send out a long, tubular process through the con- 

 jugation-canal which pierced into the other pseudo-spore (in 

 light-coloured, longish places lying transversely as regards the 

 long axis of the conjugation-cell) ; its remaining portion soon 

 passed by degrees through the canal, and penetrated into the 

 interior of the other spore. The real spore was produced out of 

 the })seudo-spores united in this way, and in a few days appeared 

 in the same form as the resting-spores of the other joints. 

 Further, the same observer saw all the stages of a case in which 

 two supposed spores occui-red in one conjugation-cell, arising 

 from the tubular prolongation of the travelling pseudo- spore 

 missing the above-mentioned spot in the other, and its penetra- 

 tion being thus frustrated ; in this case no formation of a spore 

 followed, — the two pseudo-spores, lying side by side, were dis- 

 solved without undergoing any further change. 



The direct production of a plant resembling the parent-fila- 

 ment, from the spore produced through conjugation (of Spiro- 

 gyrce), was observed by Vaucher*, and has been recently con- 

 firmed by Alex. Braunf and Pringsheim j. 



In the Fucoidefe, J. Ag., the presence of antheridia was first 

 demonstrated by Thuret, and this in the section Fucacese. They 

 here consist of ovate cells, seated on the hairs of conceptacles 

 sometimes special and sometimes containing also sporanges, and 

 they are filled with zoospore-like spermatozoids (antherozoids, 

 Thuret). Lyngbye, Montague, J. Agardh, Klitzing, and other 

 inquirers had already observed these, without having arrived at 

 any clear conception of their import : by most, even by Nageli§, 

 Mettenius \\, and Al. Braunf, they were taken for true zoospores, 

 although no germination had been observed. Eeaumur** had 

 first announced the existence of male organs in Fucus, taking 

 for such the filaments in the cryptostomata of Kiitzing. 



First in connexion with Decaisneft^ and next in his essay on 



* Conferves d'eau douce, p. 4/. pi- 4, 5 & 6. 

 t Verjiingung, &c. (Ray Transl. p. 1.35.) 



X Pringsheim, Algol. Meth. Flora, 1852, p. 465. (Transl. in Ann, Nat. 

 Hist. 2 ser. xi. p. 210, &c.) 

 § Bot. Zeit. 1849, p. 578. 



II Mettenius, Beitrage z. Botanik. Heidelb. 1850, p. 34. 

 11 Verjiingung, &c. p. 152. (Ray Soc. transl. 1851, p. 142.) 

 ** Historia Fucorum. Petrop. 1768. 

 t+ Decaisne et Thuret, Ann. des Sc. nat. 3 ser. iii. p. 5 et seq. (1845). 



Ann. ^ Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 2. Vol. xx. 17 



