331 Mme. J. Power on the Habits of various Marine Animals. 



Fig. 2. Pulaster'ma primava, Forbes. Upper Silurian (Lower Lu'Uow 

 rock). Church Hill, Leintwai'dine, Shropshire : 6 is a cast of the 

 lower siu-face ; c, portion of ditto, magnified, showing the large 

 adambulacrals and their basal ossicles (*). 



Fig. 3. Paleeocoma Marstoni, n. sp. Same locality : 3 b, somewhat mag- 

 nified ; 3 c shows the narrow ambulacral rows, the broad smooth 

 adambulacrals, and the outer spine-bearing rows. 



Fig. 4. Protaster Miltoni, n. sp. Same locality : 4 a, nat. size; 4 b, upper 

 plates magnified ; 4 c, lower surface with the large pores. 



Fig. 5. Protaster leptosoma, n. sp. Same locality. 



Fig. (). Palceodiscus ferox, n. sp. Same locality. 



Fig. 7. Section of arm of Protaster, for comparison with Ophiura (fig. 8). 

 It shows the six component plates. 



Fig. 8. Section of the arm of Ophiura, to show the four component plates 

 and the passage for the suckers. 



XXXI. — Observations on the Habits of various Marine Animals. 

 By Madame Jeannette Power f. 



On the Food and Digestion of the Bulla lignaria. 



From 1832 to 1842 I was engaged in studying marine animals 

 in aquaria established in my house at INIessina. These aquaria 

 were filled with sea-water, and about 1832 I gave them the name 

 of 'cages J.' In 1833 I invented other aquaria, which I also 

 called 'cagcs'§; these I deposited (after obtaining permission 

 from government) in a stream of sea- water which tlows through 

 the lazaretto of Messina. 



Marine animals of large and moderate dimensions being thus 

 kept in their native element, were iu a better concUtion for my 

 investigations than in the aquaria placed in my house ; and as 

 the sea whic4i washes the coast of Sicily is very limpid and 

 transparent, I was enabled to observe the least movements of 

 my animals minutely and exactly. 



The smaller marine animals I continued to study in my own 

 house ; and I had also invented a small glass aquarium, which I 

 suspended by means of cords in a large 'cage' in the sea. 



After pubhshing memoirs upon Argonauta Argo and other 

 marine animals, I proposed to continue my publications ; but, 

 unfortunately, in the confusion of packing-up, preparatory to 

 my departure from Sicily, my manuscripts were mislaid, and I 



f Communicated by Prof. Owen. 



X See the Journal of the " Cabinet litteraire de I'Academie Gicenia de 

 Catania" for December 1834, in which Professor Carmelo Maravigna gives 

 an account of the investigations which I made upon Argonauta Argo, in 

 my own house at Messina. 



§ In 183.5 these cages received from the Academie Gioenia the name of 

 ' Gabiole alia Power,' and in 183S the Zoological Society of London called 

 them ' Power cages.' 



