On weio or little-knoion Tipulidre. 53 



most npaily resembles; they are peculiar to Tan;^anyika, 

 except for a Pttrochromis in Lake Nyassa and a Cyphotilapia 

 in the Congo. 



The remaining genera have the pharyngeal apophysis 

 formed partly by the basioccipital ; the widely distributed 

 Haplochromis has two endemic species in Tanganyika ; there 

 are also a number of eiulemic genera with small conical teeth, 

 closely related to Haplochromis ; o£ these Aulonocranus leads 

 to Trematocara, and Ectodux through Callochromis to Xeno- 

 tilapia and Grammatotria. 



A well-marked group includes genera with small scales, a'l 

 endemic; of these Ilemibafes, with small conical teeth, is 

 intermediate between Haplochromis and Bathybates, with 

 string pluriserial teeth, and Haphtn.vodoriy with rather small 

 uniserial teeth. Xenochromia and P/.eeodus differ from Flaplo- 

 taxodoii only in their peculiar dentition. Another well- 

 marked group apparently derived from Haplochromis includes 

 the genera with strong anterior teeth ; this group includes 

 Erehnodus and Spathodus, with incisor-like teeth and three 

 anal spines, and Telmatochromis^Julidochromis, and Lampro- 

 logus, with strong conical teeth and 4 to 10 anal spines. All 

 but Lamprologus-d.vQ\^tc\x\'\AV to the lake, and the great diver- 

 sity of the Tanganyika s|)ecies of Lamprologus and its close 

 relationship to the more generalized Tdmatochromis make 

 it almost certain that it originated in Tanganyika. 



The above remarks may be summarized thus : — Nearly all 

 the Tanganyika Cichlid;e are endemic species belonging to 

 genera that originated in the lake ; except i\"(?o///a/;ia these 

 genera fall into two divisions, which may have evolved in the 

 lake from two ancestral types, one nearly related to Limno- 

 til'ipia and the other to Haplochromis. 



IV. — Xew or little-knoion Tipulidje {Diplera). — I. Ethiopian 

 Species. By Charles P. Alexandeu, Ph.D., Urbann, 

 Illinois, U.y.A. 



The new species described in the following pages will be 

 discussed more fully and figured in a monographic treatment 

 of the crane-tiies of the Ethiopian region that the writer has 

 iji preparation. 



The species described were sent to me for naming by 

 Rev. J. A. Reis, Dr. E. Warren, and Prof. A. J. T. Janse, to 

 all of whom 1 express my idncere thanks. 



The holotypes are preserved in the collection of the writer, 

 unless stated otherwise. 



