Freshioater Fossils from Central South Africa. 2-i7 



gical Surveyors of that country. More recently Mr, E. W. 

 Vredenburg* has added further confirmation of this late 

 Cretaceous age for the Indian deposits by referring to the 

 occurrence of Physa prinsepii in the Maestrichtian strata of 

 Balucliistan associated with the Ammonite, Sphenodiscus 

 uhaf/hsi, Grossouvre, accounting for tlie freshwater Gastropod 

 as having been washed out of a neighbouring estuary during 

 the deposition of the maiiiie Ammonite-rocks. The proba- 

 bility of this correlation of the Indian beds with the Laramie 

 group seems also to be demonstrated by the occurrence in 

 both of Dinosaurian reptiles, for it is known that the Lameta 

 deposits forming the lowest part of the Intertrappean series 

 of India have yielded Titanosaurus t in supposed association 

 with Physa prinsepii^ as also, according to Hislop J, with 

 Viviparus deccanensis and other shells common to those 

 Indian rock^". It is of interest to note that Titanosaurus and 

 further Dinosaurs have been also described from the Upper 

 Cretaceous deposits of Madagascar (around Mevarana) by 

 M. C. Deperet §, but with no record of their association with 

 fluvio-lacustrine mollusca or plant-life. No Chara relics are 

 known from the true Laramie group, although Mr. Knowlton i| 

 has described C. stantoni from the JBear River deposits of the 

 United States which he regarded as of Laramie age, but 

 which Mr. Stanton ^ believes to be oMer, and of an age 

 nearer the base of the Upper Cretaceousr— probably between 

 the Cenomanian and Turonian, as judged by the European 

 standard of stratigraphy. G. K. Wieland ** also supports an 

 Upper Cretaceous age for the Bear River Beds, although 

 recognizing them as older than the Laramie. Again, a 

 faunistic resemblance has been pointed out among the fossils 

 of the Belly River deposits of C/anada and those of the 

 opalized beds of New South Wales ff, l)oth of which exhibit 

 an estiiarine facies, as they contain Piesiosaurian and Dino- 

 saurian remains as well as freshwater and marine mollusca 

 and other organism?, while such deposits are referred to the 

 Uppermost Cretaceous. In estimating the importance of 



* ' Records Geol. Surv. India/ 1907, vol. xxxv. pp. 114-118. 



t Lydekker, 'Records Geol. Surv. India,' 1^77, vol, x. p. 38 ; and 

 R. D. Oldham's edition of Medlicott and Bluntbrd's ' Manual of the Geology 

 of India,' 1803, pp. 264, 2G5. 



J Quart. .louru. Geol. Soc. 1864, vol. xx. pp. 280-282. 



§ Bull. Soc. G6ol. France, ls96, ser. 3, vol. x.\iv, pi. vi. pp. 176-194. 



II 'Botanical Gazette' (Indiana), 1893, vol. xviii. p. 141. 



^ Aiuericuu Journ. Sci, 1892, ser. 3, vol. xliii. pp, 98-115, 

 ** Mon. I'nilcd States Geol. Surv. 1905, vol. xlviii. p. 208. 

 tt R. Bullen Newtun, I'roc. Mai. Soc. Loudon, 1915, vol. xi. pi. vi. 

 pp, 217-235. 



