100 0/i neio African Freshwater Sponges. 



S. iridica, S. graveleyi^ and S. sumatrana. All these possess 

 niicrospined niacioscleres, spined microxea, and strongylous 

 gemmule-spicules. Apart from other characters, all these, 

 except S. indica, are clearly marked off from the new species 

 hy the possession of oxea as macroscleres. S. indica, like 

 S. betiguelensis, sp. n., ])0ssesses stronglya as macroscleres, 

 but is separated from it by various differences in the size and 

 character of the spicules, and particularly by the structure of 

 tiie gemmules, which in S. indica are fixed to the substratum 

 by tTieir outer chitinous membrane and are not enclosed in 

 cages of macroscleres. 



A sponge belonging to another genus — namely, Corvo- 

 spongilla micrampJiidiscoides, Weltner — has a very similar 

 spiculation, but with the addition of free amphidiscs, the 

 possession of which characterizes the genus. 



Eeferences. 



AnnAiN'Dale, N. 



(i) Fresliwater Sponges in " Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna von 

 Siid-Afrika," Zoolog. Jalarb. (Syst.), Bd. xxvii. (1909). 



(2) " Freshwater Sponges in the Collection of the United States 



National Museum," Proc. U.S. IS'at. Mus. xxxvi. (1909) and 

 xxxviii. (1910). 



(3) " The Fauna of British India. — Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids, 



andPolyzoa" (1911). 

 (4.) "The Freshwater Sponges of the Malabar Zone," Kec. Ind. Mus. 

 Tii. (1912). 



(5) " Notes on Freshwater Sponges. — XV.," Eec. Ind. Mus. ix. (1913). 

 Anthony, R. 



(6) " £tude monographique des ^Etheriidse," Ann. Soc. roy. zool. et 



malacolog. de Belgique, xli. 1906 (1907). 

 Jaff6, G. 



(7) "Zwei Schwamme aus dem Tanganjikasee," Zool. Anz. xlviii. 



(1916). 



KiRKPATRICK, R. 



(8) " Report on the Porifera, with Notes on Species from the Nile 



and Zambesi." Zool. Results of the Third Tanganyika Exp. 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1906). 

 TOPSEKT, E. 



(9) " Description de SjJcntffilla {Stratospongilla) gilsmii, n. sp.," Ann. 



de Biologic lacustre, v. (1912). 

 ■\Yf.ber, M. 



(10) " Spongillidfe des Indischen Archipels," Zool. Ergeb. einer 

 Reise Niederl. Ost-Indien, i. (1890). 

 "Weltnee, W. 

 (ij) " Siisswasserschiimme," Wissenschaft. Ergeb. der Deutschen 

 Zentral-Afrika Expedition, 1907-1908, Bd.' iv. (1913). 



