128 Prof. M'lntosli's Notes from the 



which he describes as leaf-like, are as conspicuous as in 

 S. opdi/icatrix, but his representation of them (pi. xv. fig. 17) 

 would convey an erroneous impression as to their structure 

 and relationship to the filaments. He did not discriminate, 

 however, the minute structure of the collar-bristles of the 

 anterior region, and his description and figure of the hooks 

 is also different from Nature, for he appears to have counted 

 the serrations of each hook as a separate organ — at any 

 rate, his figure diverges from Nature. The first segment of 

 the posterior region (his abdomen) he describes as devoid of 

 bristles. He did not notice the two anal papillae. The male 

 elements (ripe sperms) lie placed in the thirteenth segment, 

 and the female in the following seven to eleven segments. In 

 his description of the buds he alludes to the early condition 

 of the branchiae, but with the exception of a figure of the 

 early stage he adds little to what Huxley had previously 

 recorded. 



Claparede (1873) thought that Huxley exaggerated the 

 views of De Quatrefages in regard to the blood-system of 

 the Annelids. He considered a pseud-heemal system quite 

 different from that of the superior animals, and resembling 

 the vasculariform excretory system of the Rotifera, Cestodes, 

 and Trematodes. He disagreed with this, for both morpho- 

 logically and physiologically the blood-system is connected 

 with assimilation. 



De Quatrefages * describes the genus as having two false 

 opercula, whilst his species Filograna berkeleyi and F. impleoca 

 do not appear to differ, for the coalescent uncini of the 

 former and the angular teeth of the latter need not be 

 seriously considered, since his figures of bristle and hook are 

 not sufficiently accurate. His third form, Filograna dysteri 

 is Huxley's species, and his fourth is the F. schleideni of 

 Schmidt t, a variety of the common form. De Quatrefages 

 overlooked the distinctive characters of the collar-bristles. 



The genus Salmacina J was established by Claparede § in 

 1868 for Serpulids having a thoracic membrane, regular 

 branchiae with a circular base, devoid of an operculum, the 

 first thoracic segment furnished with tufts of distinctive and 

 much larger bristles than those which follow, and dwelling 

 in calcareous tubes. While it agrees with Protula in the 

 absence of an operculum, it differs in the larger coUar- 



• Annales, ii. p. 485, pi. xv. figs. 9-12 (1865). 

 t Neue Beitrage Naturges. der Wurm. p. 33, pi. 3. 

 X Named after the hermaphrodite nymph Sahnacis, a name already 

 employed by L. Agassiz in the Echinids. 

 § Anu^l. Chetop. Naples, p. 436. 



