380 Zoological Society : — 



chief difference is the large size of the concha compared with the 

 fossa of the anti-helix and the lohulus : hut though the lobulus is 

 small it is distinctly marked and pendulous, while it is sessile in the 

 Chimpanzee and Orang. Both tragus and anti-tragus are nearly as 

 prominent as in man. The helix is reflected or folded centrally from 

 its origin to opposite the anti-tragus as in man, whereas, in the 

 Chimpanzee the fold subsides opposite the fossa of the anti-helix, 

 and the rest of the margin of the auricle is simple, not folded. The 

 upper part of the helix is more produced in the Gorilla than in man, 

 and the greatest breadth of the ear is above the concha, in which the 

 incisura intertragica is less deep than in man. 



The skin of the face is naked and much wrinkled ; a pretty deep 

 indent divides the nasal ala from the cheek, and becomes shallower 

 as it bends upward, inward, and downward to the median indent 

 between the alse. The hairy part of the scalp is continued to the 

 superorbital prominence, and thence the hair-clad skin is continued 

 outward and downward upon the sides of the deep cheeks, where 

 the hair is long. The chest is of great proportional capacity, and 

 the shoulders very wide across. The profile of the trunk behind 

 describes a slight convexity from the nape, which projects beyond 

 the occiput, downward to the sacrum : there is no inbending at 

 the loins, which seem wanting. The abdomen is prominent both 

 before and at the sides. The pectoral regions are slightly marked 

 and show the pair of nipples placed as in the Chimpanzee and Man. 

 In the male the penis is short and subcorneal, the prepuce is devoid 

 of frsenum ; the scrotum is broader and more sessile than in man : 

 the perinajum is longer, the anus being placed further back than in 

 man. There is no trace of ischial callosities. The glutsei are better 

 developed and give more of the appearance of nates than in any other 

 anthropoid ape, but they do not project so as to meet beyond the 

 anus and conceal it. 



The chief deviations from the human structure are seen in the 

 limbs, which are of great power, the upper ones prodigiously strong, 

 making by comparison the legs, through the want of ' calves ', look 

 feeble. 



The first characteristic is the almost uniform thickness of each 

 segment of the limb : this is seen in the arm, from below the short 

 deltoid prominence to the condyles, neither biceps nor triceps 

 making any definite swelling ; a like uniform thickness is seen in the 

 antibrachium from below the olecranon to the wrist : the leg a little 

 increases in thickness from the knee to the ankle : the short thigh 

 shows some decrease as it descends : but there is a general absence 

 of those partial muscular enlargements which impart the graceful 

 varying curves to the outlines of the limbs in man. Yet this, upon 

 dissection, is found to depend rather on excess, than defect, of deve- 

 lopment of the carneous as compared with the tendinous parts of the 

 limb-muscles, which thus continue of almost the same size from their 

 origin to their insertion, with a proportionate gain of strength to the 

 beast. The difference in the length of the upper limbs between the 

 Gorilla and Man is but little in comparison with the trunk ; it appears 



