168 Zoological Society : — 



in construction, — also the quarrying, streaming and mining in 

 stratified deposits, for gold, tin, coal, iron, salt, &c., the distribu- 

 tion and mineral statistics of the three last-named being given ; 

 and coal-mining and coal are fully treated, both here and in a pre- 

 ceding section. The last chapter describes mining operations for 

 those valuable substances contained in cracks or fissures in various 

 rocks, as metallic veins, and which require methods somewhat dif- 

 ferent to those that occur in stratified beds. This portion has been 

 considerably enlarged ; the geological conditions under which mineral 

 veins occur, as well as the mode of working, are explained, addi- 

 tional illustrations of machinery and sections of veins being given. 

 A useful glossary of scientific and technical words in mineralogy and 

 geology is appended, including the explanation of numerous mining 

 terms. Much information is usefully presented in a tabular form, 

 and the 250 illustrations of sections and fossils are generally good. 

 As before stated, the subject-matter is more varied than is usually 

 found in elementary manuals, but it is concisely treated and methodi- 

 cally arranged, so as to form a text-book for the student and a useful 

 practical guide for the miner, engineer, and traveller ; for the author 

 has " endeavoured not merely to describe facts and quote the obser- 

 vations of field-geologists, but also to teach principles, leaving it to 

 the reader to apply those principles and digest the facts, working out 

 thus a sufficient education in the subject ;" and moreover, "if he un- 

 derstands the nature of the materials of which the earth's crust is made 

 up, the order of their arrangement, and the changes undergone both 

 in the rocks themselves and in the position they occupy, he will not 

 be inclined to question either the value of such knowledge to practical 

 men, or the nature of the applications of geology to practical pur- 

 poses." 



PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. 



ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



March 11, 1856.— Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. 

 Observations on Strongylus filaria and Botaurus 



STELLARIS. By EdAVARDS CrISP, M.D. 



Dr. Crisp exhibited specimens and drawings of Strongylus Jilariaj 

 which he discovered had lately proved so destructive to lambs in 

 many ])arts of England. In several lambs examined by Dr. Crisp, 

 millions of these entozoa and their ova were foimd in the bronchial 

 tubes and in the intestinal canal, and he believed that many of 

 the ova of these worms had been mistaken for Cysticerci ; but the 

 various stages of development could be readily traced under the 

 microscope. Dr. Crisp had tried many experiments on the living 

 worms as to the effect of poisons and other agents, and he believed 

 that salt or sulphvir given with the food, and the inhalation of sul- 



