Miscellaneous. 49f 



Cardia, and Limapontice, and also Gammarus luciista, which is met 

 with wherever Algse occur. 



Beyond this zone there is a sand covered with a fine clay. In this 

 region few animals are met with, and these are either MoUusca {Mtja, 

 TelHna) or Amphipod Crustacea. 



The Sk'drgard of Stockholm possesses a singular fauna. Under 

 the stones which are close to the shore we meet with Gammari (G. 

 locust a), species of JcB/a, Planaria, and Na'is, and with young Ace- 

 phalous Mollusca belonging to the genera Ccu'dium and 2^ellina. At 

 a depth of 2-.t fathoms, Fucus vesiculosus grows ; upon this vegetate 

 Elachistce and various Confervse. This region swarms with Mysis, 

 Jeer a, Gammarus, Pabidinella, Mytilus, with young Cardia and with 

 Flusfrce ; even PhryganidcB are found there. From a depth of 

 5 or 6 fathoms to that of 18 the bottom is clayey and muddy ; here 

 and there only PhyJlophorce grow, together with Ceramia and Poly- 

 siphoriicB in a stunted condition. The fauna of this zone is richer 

 than would be supposed at the first glance. At a depth of 8 fathoms 

 occurs Asellus vulgaris, a freshwater species, in the midst of the 

 PhyllophorcB. At a depth of 3-6 fathoms, Limncsus pereger (var. 

 Balticus) and Pfiysa fontinalis ! are met with. Near Gothland, 

 Lindstroni has even found Limncei in the open sea at a depth of 8 

 and 12 fathoms! How can we explain the existence of air-breathing 

 animals so far from the surface ? Do they possess a means of rising 

 and sinking rapidly in the water at pleasure, or must we admit that 

 they only require to renew the air in their pulmonary sac at long in- 

 tervals ? By the side of these Limncei there were living completely 

 marine animals, such as Nereides, Polynoes, a species of Sipunculus, 

 Tellinee and Cardia. At a depth of -10 fathoms, nothing is found 

 but a Pontoporeia, an Idothea, and a Tellina. 



In the open sea a multitude of small animals are found moving 

 about on the surface ; these are principally Crustacea, such as 

 Evadne, and also larvse of Gasteropoda (^Tergipes) and Acephala. 

 A Diatomaceous plant floats in the midst of these little creatures : 

 it is sometimes so incredibly abundant as to produce what is called 

 on the coasts of Gothland, the flow erivg of the sea (Jiafvets blomiting) . 

 In the middle of summer it propagates with such rapidity, that the 

 fishermen assert that their boats can hardly pass through the dense 

 layer formed by it. 



In a narrow Sund near Stockholm, called G'dld-strat, the soil is 

 covered with Myriophyllum and Potamogeton. In the water sport 

 Cyprini and other freshwater fishes, as well as Eutomostraca also 

 belonging to the fresh waters (Daphnia, &c.). At the bottom Palu- 

 dina impura is seen creeping, and yet close beside are Tergipes and 

 other marine forms. — Ofversigt af Koiujl. vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 

 Stockholm, 1855, p. 49 ; and Bibliot/icque Univ. de Geneve, Jap.uary 

 1857, p. 71. 



The Blacks of Moreton Bay and the Porpoises. By Mr. Fairholme. 



Between the two long islands which form the south part of More- 

 ton Bay, is a passage known as the South Passage, formerly used 

 Aym.is Mag.N.Wst. ^Q\\2. T V. xix. ' 32 



