Classificaiion of the Order Lyomeri. 349 



skull ill the latter is for the attachment of tlie enlarged 

 snspensorium^ and is consequeutlj more marked in Gastro- 

 stomiis than in Saccophari/nx. 



The vertebrcB of the Syiiodontidce are also very sunilar to 

 those of the Lyomeri ; interiorly there are short processes at 

 the end of each centrum, exactly as shown in Zugmayer's 

 figure of the anterior vertebras of Gastrostomus ; the neural 

 arches are slender processes, and in tiie vertebrae below the 

 dorsal tin these are shortened and do not meet to form 

 unpaired neural spines. 



It is of interest to note that in tlie Apodes the pectoral 

 arch is pushed backwards by the large branchial apparatus, 

 but in the Lyomeri the pectoral arch and the reduced 

 brancliial apparatus are displaced by the enormous pharynx, 

 the distensibility of which is increased by the pendent 

 movable etiimoid and the joint between the hyomandibular 

 and the quadrate. 



The order Lyomeri was first characterized by Gill and 

 Kyder (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. 1883, p. 262), who gave 

 an account of the anatomy of Gastrostomies hairdii and 

 maintained the distinctness of these fislies from the Apodes. 

 Quite recently the anatomy of Gastrostomus has again been 

 described by Zugmayer (R^s. Camp. Sci. Monaco, xxxv. 

 1911, p. 88, pi. iv.). 



After comparison of the upper surface of the skull of 

 Saccojyharynx with Gill and Kyder^s description and Zug- 

 mayer's "figure of Gastrostomus I agree with the former 

 autliors that the Saccopharyngidaj and Eurypharyngidaj may 

 be regarded as distinct families. 



Family 1. Saccopharyngidae. 



Mouth large; jaws with slender, curved, pointed teeth; 

 stomach very distensible ; gill-openings much nearer to end 

 of snout than to vent; skull longer than broad; frontals 

 larger than the parietals. Piscivorous. 



A single species, Saccopharynx ampuUaceus, Harwood, 1827. 



Family 2. Eurypharyngidse. 



Mouth enormous; jaws with minute teeth, the mandibles 

 sometimes with a pair of symphysial canities ; stomach not 

 specially distensible; gill-openings much nearer to vent than to 

 end of snout ; skull not longer than broad ; parietals larger than 

 frontals. Probably feeding mainly on small invertebrates. 



Eurypliarynx, Vaill. 1882 (with symphysial mandibular 

 canines) ; Gastrostomus, Gill and Ryder, 1883 ; Macro- 

 pharynx, Brauer, 1902 (without pectoral fins). 



