12 Miss B. B. Crozier on Bermudian 



also send out two or three filaments to neighbouring blades. 

 Less commonly the attachment is to the flat-bladed grass or 

 to alga?. 



These sponges are of an orange colour, with no great 

 variation from the lighter yellowish or greenish orange to 

 the deeper reddish hue. The lighter colour is more common 

 in small individuals, the deeper colour in large ones. Speci- 

 mens preserved in alcohol are dull light brown. They are 

 approximately spherical and from 8 to 20 mm. in diameter. 

 The surface of a fresh specimen is divided up into polygonal 

 denticulated areas deeper in colour and denser in texture than 

 the intervening spaces, though not necessarily raised above 

 them ; and from the denticulations of these areas proceed 

 strands, which form a close network in the spaces. In the 

 lighter coloured specimens green shows through this network. 

 The polygonal areas, or conules, occur all over the animal, 

 though tb.ey vary greatly in shape even in any one specimen. 

 They may be irregular polygons or nearly round ; they may 

 be flat or raised in the centre into a hillock with or without a 

 spine projecting from its centre : at intervals the place of a 

 conule is occupied by a smooth round swelling of the size of 

 a bud but without a stalk ; or the position may be occupied 

 by a bud with a long or short stalk. A bud may come from 

 only one conule or, less frequently, it may have two or three 

 stalks from adjacent conules. The polygonal areas about 

 the osculum are modified into long plates, but these do not 

 stand up above the general surface, so that the osculum is 

 not conspicuous unless open. It leads into a chamber into 

 which a number of canals open. Its position bears no con- 

 stant relation to the region of attachment of the sponge. 



A typical full-grown bud is spherical or egg-shaped, 2 to 

 5 mm. in diameter, and of a bright clear orange colour. It 

 is borne on a stalk varying in length from less than 1 mm. to 

 several times the diameter of the bud. This stalk often 

 continues through the bud and projects on the distal side as 

 a slender spine or hair, usually with a small swelling at its 

 end. From the sides of the bud grow numerous shorter 

 spines, often with swellings at their free ends. If sponges 

 bearing buds are kept in a jar with running water for a few 

 days, the stalks elongate and finally the buds drop off and 

 settle to the bottom, while the parent sponges send out 

 numerous very long slender spines, which attach to the sides 

 of the jar or to other individuals. In order to give some idea 

 of the time required for bud formation, a specimen without 

 buds was placed under observation in a jar of running water 

 on Sept. '4. The polygonal areas at this time were not 



