INDEX 



479 



Sand-lances, see Ammodytoidei 

 Sarda, Fig. 189. PI. 1 



skull of, 310 

 Sardinoides, Fig. 84 

 Saurichthys, Fig. 16 

 Saurida, 207 

 Saurus, Figs. 86, 87 

 Scale bone, 165 

 Scaphirhynchuj, Fig. 18 

 Scaridae 



jaws of, 448 



otoliths of, 259 



teeth of, 257, 258, 424, 439 

 Scisnidse 



otoliths of, 253 



parallelism with Hamulon, 248 



skin of, 441 



skull of, 252 

 "Scleroparei," 321 

 Scomber, Figs. 188, 189, PI. I 



Allis' monograph on, 309 



branchial muscles of, 425 



skull of, 310 

 Scomberoides, 305, Fig. 180 

 Scombfromorus, Fig. 189 



diversion toward swordfishes, 317 



skull of, 310 

 Scombriformes, 300, 318, 319 

 Scorabroidei, PI. I 



characters of, 309 



classifications of, 300 



comparison with Carangidse, 300, 304 



derivation of, 307 



Kishinouye on, 312, 315 



Starkson, 305. 310 



vascular system in, 312 



vertebrae in, 301 

 Scombropj, 300 

 Scopeloids, see Iniomi 

 Scopelarchus, 211, Fig. 90 

 Scorpana, Figs. 116, 201, 202, 203, 213 



otoliths of, 344 



preopercular spikes of, 330, 332 



postorbitals in, 325 



relation of Hemitriptervs to, 330 



skull of, 322 

 Scorpseniformes, 321 

 Scorpxnoidei 



allied with percomorphs, 321 



Allis's monograph on skulls of, 322 



characters of, 322 



mouth of, 417, Figs. 206, 207 



neurocranium of, Fig. 299 



preopercular of, 426 



skin of, 323, 339, 341, 343, 441 



skull elements in, 334 



specializations in, 327 



suborbital stay in, 325, 434 

 ScoTpis, Figs. 150, 297 



skull of, 274 

 Scytalinz, 352 

 Sea-bats, see Pediculati 

 Sea-hors<8, see Thoracostei 

 Sea-mice, see Pediculati 

 Sebasuj, Figs. 200, 202, 204 



development of. Fig. 204 



figured by Bigelow and Welsh, 445, 

 Fig. 204 



opercular bone of, 325, Fig. 202 



postorbitals of, 235 



preopercular spikes of, 332 



skull of, 322 

 Sebastolobus, 329 

 Selene, Fig. 181 

 Semionotidae 



characters of, 123-125 



eyes in, 439 

 Semionotus, Fig. 287 

 Seriola, 301, Fig. 179 

 Serranidae 



skull characters of, 247 

 Serranus, 247 

 Serrasalmo, 184 

 Seweruoff, A. N. 



on correspondences of jaws to branchial 

 arches in embryo shark, 80 



on hyomandibular problem, 80, 81 



on orobranchial arches of embryo 

 shark, 83 

 Sharks, see Elasmobranchs 

 Sheepshead, see Archosargus 

 "Shore-eels," see Symbranchii 

 Siganids, 279 



dentition of, 424 

 Siluroids 



cranial buckler in, 441 



otoliths of, 198, 199 



reduction of maxillae in, 195 

 Siphonostoma, 226 

 Skin 



of catfishes, 441, Fig. 77 



of Mola, 295. 441 



of Sciaenidae, 441, Fig. 125 



of Scorpaenids, 323, 339, 341, 343, 441 

 Skull, see also Branchiocranium, Neuro- 

 cranium, Syncranium 



adaptations of, 446 



basic stresses underlying patterns of, 

 385 



central types of, 449, 450 



correlation of, with body-form, 168, 450 

 451 



as natural mechanism, 412 



as palimpsest, 443 



patterns of, 105, 382 



of percomorphs, 85, 86 



why divided into separate bones, 442 

 Slime canal, 200 

 Smarts, 374 

 Smelt, see Salmonoidei 

 Snakeheads, see Labyrinthici 

 Solenichthyes, 228 

 Solenostomus, 226, Fig. 107 

 Soles, see Heterosomata 

 Spaniodon, 138 

 Sparidae 



dentition of, 248, 423, 424 

 Spemann, H. 



on 'organizers," 447 

 Spheroides, 288, Fig». 167, 169 



Sphyrana, Figs. 140, 141, 142, 143, 284 



mouth of, 416, Fig. 141 



not related to Dinolestes, 247', 264 



pelvic bones of, 262 



skull of, 266 



ventral fins of, 261 

 Sphyraenidje, 261 

 Spines 



in larval fishes, 442 



on neurocranium, 440, 441 



origin of, 322 



in scorpaenoids, 322, 440 

 Spheroides, Figs. 167, 169 



pterotic in, 292 



rostrum in, 289 



skull of, 289 

 Spinachia, 230 

 Spoonbills, see Chondrostei 

 Squamosal elements, 112 

 Star-gazers, see Trachinoidei 

 Starks, Edwin Chapin 



on Antigonia, ITi 



on Callionymidae, 361, 373 



on Carangidae, 300, 302 



on Caularchus, 372 



on Chjetodontidae, 274 



on cranial osteology of fishes, 412 



on Crapatutus, 365 



on Dactylagnus, 363 



on ethmoid region, 440 



on GasterosUus, 230 



on Haplomi, 214 



on Leiognathui, 254 



on Percesoces, 261, 267 



on Poeciloidea, 219 



on relations of gobioids, 350 



on relations of scombroids, 305, 310 



on the shoulder-girdle of teleosts, 343 



on Sphyrana, 264 



studies on the ethmoid region, 279 



on Stylephorus, 299 



on "submaxillary cartilages," 190 



on Trichodon, 371 



on Umbra, 219 



on uranoscopoids, 367, 371 



on Zanclus, 281 



on Zeus, 271 

 Steenstrup and Lutken 



on Mola, 294 

 Stenotomus, Fig. 292 

 Stensio, Eric A:son 



on coelacanths, 270 



on homologies of the squamosal, 112 



studies on ostracoderms, 77, 78, 82 



work on evolution of skull types, 91, 

 412 

 Stemoptychidae, 157 

 Surnoplyx, 157, Fig. 52 

 Sticklebacks, see Thoracostei 

 Stockard, C. R. 



experiments on Fundulus, 445 

 Stomach 



distensible, 201, 212 



of pediculates, 388 

 Stomias, Fig. 56 



