July 5, 1888] 



NATURE 



237 



of this great industry. We had lagged behind other nations in 

 fchis respect. France had no less than four institutions of a 

 similar kind ; Austria, with its small coast, had one at Trieste ; 

 and the German Government endowed their Laboratory at 

 Naples, which was the most complete in existence, with ,£1500 

 a year. From certain statistics recently given to Parliament by 

 the Board of Trade, they learned that the production of fish in 

 the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland last year 

 amounted in value to six and a quarter millions, and if they took 

 the retail value and not the wholesale value, as put in the 

 statistics, it would amount to not less than thirteen millions per 

 year. The east coast was by far the most fruitful of all our 

 coasts as regards the fishing industry, Grimsby, Hull, Lowestoft, 

 and Yarmouth producing ^2,800,000 worth of fish. Plymouth 

 with its ^96,000 worth of fish per year, Brixham with its 

 ^■56,000, and Penzance with its ,£41,000, gave some idea of what 

 the sea produced in the shape of food. Comparing these figures 

 with other countries, it would be found that Canada did not 

 produce four millions worth of fish, and France even less. Then 

 they ought to consider the immense amount of traffic our fishing 

 industry gave to our railways. From Plymouth alone there were 

 sent on two lines of railway 50,000 tons of fish annually. 

 It seemed to him an extraordinary thing that so many years 

 should have elapsed before scientific methods were adopted 

 I for learning the conditions under which fish live. If they 

 read the interesting Reports of the Trawling and Fishing Com- 

 mission, they would be surprised at the ignorance of fishermen as 

 to the habits of fish, their modes of existence, their food, and 

 the climatic and other effects which influenced their existence 

 and modes of living, and he was afraid that ignorance was not 

 confined to fishermen. The great want was, he hoped, about to 

 be supplied in the establishment of this Laboratory. In heartily 

 wishing success to the Marine Biological Association of the 

 United Kingdom, he had the greatest possible pleasure in 

 coupling with it the name of Prof. Ray Lankester. 



Prof. Kay Lankester said it was with feelings of pride that he 

 rose to return thanks. It was the great Fisheries Exhibition 

 which suggested the movement for the formation of a laboratory 

 where fishery studies could be carried on. The idea they had in 

 view at that time, or rather the institution existing elsewhere 

 which they wished to copy, was that established by Dr. Dohrn 

 at Naples, with which they were all familiar. The question was, 

 How could such a laboratory be put up on the British coast ? And 

 it was to his friend Dr. Gunther, of the British Museum, that they 

 owed the suggestion of the formation of an Association. It was to 

 the officers of the Royal Society that they owed the opportunity 

 of starting the Association. A meeting was called in the rooms 

 of that Society, and presided over by the illustrious President of 

 the great scientific institution, which was also the first public 

 body to support the funds of the Association with a large and 

 handsome subscription, and was very largely attended by men of 

 science and gentlemen interested in fisheries, while the late Earl 

 of Dalhousie, one of their most ardent supporters, the Duke of 

 Argyll, and other public men took part in it. The newspaper 

 Press had all along helped them in a most admirable and cheer- 

 ing manner. The limes had been their warmest friend, and he 

 hoped it would continue to be so for years to come. No sooner 



I had the first start been made at the meeting in the rooms of the 

 Royal Society and the subscription list put forward than many 

 other big societies came in and individuals throughout the 

 country put down their money, as did also the Universities of 

 Oxford and Cambridge. Subscriptions had been received from 

 purely scientific bodies and individuals to the amount of ,£3000, 

 and from various sources a total sum of ^"16,000 to^l7, 000 had 

 been obtained. The most important item of siipport given to 

 the Association was the grant from Her Majesty's Government of 

 ^5000 and .£500 a year. The remaining ^10,000 they owed 

 to the great civic Companies and to munificent individuals, 

 among whom he must not omit to mention with hearty gratitude 

 their friends Mr. John Bayley and Mr. Robert Bayley, of 

 Plymouth. No sooner had the enterprise been set on foot than 

 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales expressed his desire to 

 become the patron of the institution, and support came in from 

 very side. The Inspector-General of Fortifications and the Earl 

 if Morley were instrumental — were, in fact, the actual causes of 

 heir receiving the grant of the splendid site on which the 

 wilding had been erected ; and the co-operation and consent of 

 he Town Council of Plymouth, who had certain rights over the 

 ea, were cheerfully given. They had now arrived at a definite 



stage in their work : the building was completed, the laboratory 

 was equipped, the naturalists were on the spot, and they had 

 thus, as he had said, accomplished what he considered to be the 

 first step in the work of the Association. But it was only the 

 first step. Beyond the mere existence of the laboratory build- 

 ing, they had still to justify themselves in the eyes of their sup- 

 porters by the work that was done within it. He thought 

 they might rely upon the staff they had been fortunate enough 

 to obtain. He had the greatest confidence in the work that 

 would be done in the institution, and in the direction which 

 would be given to that work by his friend Mr. Gilbert Bourne, 

 assisted by the experience of his friend Mr. J. T. Cunningham, 

 who had come to them fresh from his work in Scotland, and stu- 

 dents of all ages. He would mention once more a subject which 

 had been already alluded to. They wanted a yacht of their own 

 — not a pleasure-yacht, but a steam sea-going vessel which 

 could accompany the trawlers on their expeditions, and should 

 be a thoroughly seaworthy boat. He hoped that those who were 

 able to place additional funds at their disposal, and who had 

 been pleased and gratified with the way in which they had ex- 

 pended the money already intrusted to them, would not delay to 

 add to the resources of the Association so as to enable them to 

 purchase this steamer. 



The Prime Warden then proposed " Prosperity to Plymouth," 

 and the Mayor of Plymouth replied. 



Sir George Paget, K.C.B., proposed the health of the Prime 

 Warden, who responded, and three cheers having been given for 

 the Fishmongers' Company, the guests dispersed. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



Cambridge. — The following have been placed in the first class 

 in the Natural Sciences Tripos, Part I. (the names are in 

 alphabetical order) : — Baily, Joh. ; Daniel, Trin. ; Falkener, 

 King's ; Hankin, Joh. ; Horton-Smith, Joh. ; Jones, King's ; 

 R. Langdon-Down, Trin. ; Locke, Joh. ; Long, Caius ; Morrell, 

 Caius ; Newstead, Christ's ; Perkins, Emman. ; Phear, Trin. ; 

 Schott, Trin. ; H. Simpson, Joh. ; H. Smith, Trin. ; W. A. L. 

 Smith, Trin. ; Thornton, B.A., Christ's; Whetham, Trin. ; G. 

 Wilkinson, jun., Emman. 



Women. — Class I. — L. Ackroyd, Newnham ; D. Alford, 

 Girton ; A. G. Earp, Newnham ; L. R. Howell, Girton ; M. 

 Kennedy, Girton. 



The following have been placed in the first class in the 

 Natural Sciences Tripos, Part II. :— Ds. Anderson, Caius (phy- 

 siology) ; Barber, Christ's (botany); Ds. D'Arcy, Caius (physics) ; 

 Ds. Francis, King's (human anat. and physiology) ; Fry, King's 

 (botany) ; Hardy, Caius (zoology) ; Hutchinson, Christ's 

 (chemistry) ; E. R. Saunders, Newnham (physiology). 



Mr. A. C. Seward, B.A., Scholar of St. John's College, has 

 been elected Harkness Scholar in geology and palaeontology. 



Mr. W. W. Watts, M.A., has been elected to a Fellowship at 

 Sidney-Sussex College. Mr. Watts graduated in the Natural 

 Sciences Tripos, 1881, and was placed in the first class for 

 proficiency in geology. 



At Downing College the following have been elected to minor 

 Scholarships of ^50 each open to the competition of persons not 

 yet in residence : H. Brownsword, for physics, Manchester 

 Grammar School ; C. Swift, for chemistry, University College, 

 Liverpool ; and H. Widdicombe, private tuition, for botany. 

 G. Dodson has been elected Foundation Scholar for Natural 

 Science. 



At Christ's College the following undergraduates have been 

 elected to Natural Science Scholarships : A. H. L. Newstead, 

 £bo ; C. Krishnau, £50 ; R. H. Luce, ^30 ; H. M. Stewart, 

 ,£30. 



At King's College, R. C Fry has been elected Natural Science 

 Scholar, and G. L. Rolleston to an "Exhibition of £ap, and L. 

 Falkener to £10. 



At Gonville and Caius College, H. B. Brunner, Berkhamp- 

 stead School, has been elected to an Entrance Scholarship of ^50 

 for natural science. 



The following Natural Science Scholars have been elected at 

 St. John's College : H. Simpson, Hankin, Horton-Smith, Locke, 

 Baily, Blackman, Schmitz. Turpin, B.A., has been elected 

 Hutchinson Student for organic chemistry. 



