66 



MANUAL OF GARDENING 



lawn at its farther edge for the purpose of keeping cattle off the 

 place, and thereby bring in the adjacent landscape. Figure 64 

 suggests how this may be done. The depression near the foot of 

 the lawn, which is really a ditch and scarcely visible from the 





upper part of the place because of the slight elevation on its 

 inner rim, answers all the purposes of a fence. 



Nearly all trees are injured if the dirt is filled about the 

 base to the depth of a foot or more. The natural base of the 

 plant should be exposed so far as possible, not only for protec- 

 tion of the tree, but because the base of a tree trunk is one of 

 its most distinctive features. Oaks, maples, and in fact most 



Protecting a tree in filled land. 



trees will lose their bark near the crown if the dirt is piled 

 against them; and this is especially true if the water tends 

 to settle about the trunks. Figure 65 shows how this difficulty 

 may be obviated. A well is stoned up, allowing a space of a 



