430 



MANUAL OF GARDENING 



278. Bag ready to 

 be applied. 



same style of pruning, — for training is only the disposition or ar 

 rangement of the parts. 



On arbors, it is best to carry one permanent arm or trunk from each 

 root over the framework to the peak. Each year the canes are cut 

 back to short spurs (of 2 or 3 buds) along the sides 

 of this trunk. 



Grapes are set from 6 to 8 feet apart in rows 

 which are 8 to 10 feet apart. A trellis made of 2 or 

 3 wires is the best support. £'lat trellises catch too 

 much wind and blow down. Avoid stimulating 

 manures. In very cold climates, the vines may be 

 taken off the trellis in early winter and laid on the 

 ground and lightly covered with 

 earth. Along the boundaries of 

 home lots, where grapes are often 

 planted, little is to be expected in the way of fruit 

 because the ground is not well tilled.- 



The grape is subject to many insects and diseases, 

 some of which are very destructive. The black-rot 

 is the most usual trouble. See p. 209. 



To produce bunches of high quality and free from 

 rot and frost injury, grapes are some- 

 times bagged. When the grapes are 279. The second 

 about half grown, the bunch is covered stageinadjust- 

 with a grocer's manila bag. The bags "'^ ^^''^ ^^S" 

 remain until the fruit is ripe. The grapes usually mature 

 earlier in the bags. The top of the bag is spUt, and 

 the flaps are secured over the branch with a pin ; Figs. 

 278, 279, 280 explain the operation. 



In all the above discussion, the so-called native 



280. The bag- 

 ging complete 



grapes alone are considered. In California, the Euro- 

 pean or vinifera types are grown, the requirements of 

 which are radically different from those of the eastern kinds. 



Varieties of grapes. 



Under nearly all conditions, the Concord will be a valuable black 

 variety, although Worden, which is a few days earlier, may be pre- 



